American Anti-miscegenation (Anti-Mixed Marriage) Laws
The plots of Tartuffe, Candide and Nathan The Wise all revolve around the freedom of individuals to choose who they will marry, regardless of religion, ethnicity or one's own social standing. We still argue these issues, and largely along the same lines as those argued in the 18th century.
For example:
The 1967 Supreme Court decision on Loving v. Virginia made American anti-miscegenation laws unconstitutional. Until that point, 16 states, all in the South (see below) had laws banning mixed 'race' marriages. Note also, however, that many other states had only recently overturned their laws. (For context: Tom was 4 when these laws were repealed, his own parents nearly 30, and Barack Obama was 6 -- his parents' marriage would have been illegal in 20% of the US states when he was born).
However, the last state to still have anti-miscegenation laws on their its constitution was Alabama, when the law was finally voted off by popular election in November 2000 (year Bush was elected president) where it passed with only 60% of the vote. Amendment: "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, to abolish the prohibition of interracial marriages."
Alabama Amendment 2 (2000) | ||
---|---|---|
Yes or no | Votes | Percentage |
Yes | 801,725 | 59.49% |
No | 545,933 | 40.51% |
Total votes | 1,347,658 | 100% precincts |
http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/Alabama_Amendment_2_(2000)
State | First law passed | Law repealed | Races banned from marrying whites | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arizona | 1865 | 1962 | Blacks, Asians, Filipinos, Indians | Filipinos ("Malays") and Indians ("Hindus") added to list of "races" in 1931 |
California | 1850 | 1948 | Blacks, Asians, Filipinos | Anti-miscegenation law overturned by state judiciary in Supreme Court of California case Perez v. Sharp |
Colorado | 1864 | 1957 | Blacks | |
Idaho | 1864 | 1959 | Blacks, Native Americans, Asians | |
Indiana | 1818 | 1965 | Blacks | |
Maryland | 1692 | 1967 | Blacks, Filipinos | Repealed its law in response to the start of the Loving v. Virginia case |
Montana | 1909 | 1953 | Blacks, Asians | |
Nebraska | 1855 | 1963 | Blacks, Asians | |
Nevada | 1861 | 1959 | Blacks, Native Americans, Asians, Filipinos | |
North Dakota | 1909 | 1955 | Blacks | |
Oregon | 1862 | 1951 | Blacks, Native Americans, Asians, Native Hawaiians | |
South Dakota | 1909 | 1957 | Blacks, Asians, Filipinos | |
Utah | 1852 | 1963 | Blacks, Asians, Filipinos | |
Wyoming | 1913 | 1965 | Blacks, Asians, Filipinos |
State | First law passed | Races banned from marrying whites | Note |
---|---|---|---|
Alabama | 1822 | Blacks | Repealed during Reconstruction, law later reinstated |
Arkansas | 1838 | Blacks | Repealed during Reconstruction, law later reinstated |
Delaware | 1721 | Blacks | |
Florida | 1832 | Blacks | Repealed during Reconstruction, law later reinstated |
Georgia | 1750 | All non-whites | |
Kentucky | 1792 | Blacks | |
Louisiana | 1724 | Blacks | Repealed during Reconstruction, law later reinstated |
Mississippi | 1822 | Blacks, Asians | Repealed during Reconstruction, law later reinstated |
Missouri | 1835 | Blacks, Asians | |
North Carolina | 1715 | Blacks, Native Americans | |
Oklahoma | 1897 | Blacks | |
South Carolina | 1717 | All non-whites | Repealed during Reconstruction, law later reinstated |
Tennessee | 1741 | Blacks, Native Americans | |
Texas | 1837 | Blacks, Filipinos | |
Virginia | 1691 | All non-whites | Previous anti-miscegenation law made more severe by Racial Integrity Act of 1924 |
West Virginia | 1863 | Blacks |