PUBLICATIONS Updated April 7, 2022

GUITAR (Graphene from the University of Idaho Thermolyzed Asphalt Reaction) Research

1.     “Nitrogen-doped Pseudo-Graphite as a Completely Stable, Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.” Kailash Hamal, Jeremy May, Haoyu Zhu, Humayun Kabir, Aaron Austin, Elena Echeverria, David N. McIlroy, I. Francis Cheng, Energy and Fuels 2021, 35, 10146-10155.

2.     “A Comparison of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation and Evolution on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic and Disordered Graphite Negative Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.” H. Zhu, J. Russell, Z. Fang, P. Barnes, L. Li, C. Efaw, A. Muenzer, J. May, K. Hamal, I. F. Cheng, P. Davis, E. Dufek,* H. Xiong*, Small, 2021, 2105292.

3.     “Electrochemical Aspects of a Nitrogen-Doped Pseudo-Graphitic Carbon Material: Resistance to Electrode Fouling by Air-Aging and Dopamine Electro-oxidation.” Kailash Hamal, Jeremy May, Haoyu Zhu, Forrest Dalbec, Elena Echeverria, David N. McIlroy, Eric Aston, I. Francis Cheng, C - Journal of Carbon Research, 2020, 6(4), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/c6040068

4.     “Voltammetric pH Sensor Based on Electrochemically Modified Pseudo-Graphite” Haoyu Zhu, Humayun Kabir, Jeremy May, Ricardo Lopez, Hailey J. Smith, Nolan W. Nicholas, Prasanna Sankaran, David N. McIlroy, I. Francis Cheng*, Analyst, 2020, 145, 7252 – 7259.

5.     “Utilizing a Single Silica Nanospring as an Insulating Support to Characterize the Electrical Transport and Morphology of Nanocrystalline Graphite” Peter M. Wojcik, Negar Rajabi, Haoyu Zhu, David Estrada, Paul Davis, Twinkle Pandhi, I. Francis Cheng, and D. N. McIlroy,* Materials, 2019, 12, 3794. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/22/3794

6.     “Electrochemical Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) on Functionalized GUITAR Electrodes.” Humayun Kabir, Haoyu Zhu, Ricardo Lopez, and I. Francis Cheng. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2019, 851, 113448

7.“The sp2-sp3 Carbon Hybridization Content of the Pseudo-Graphite GUITAR, Comparison of Electrochemistry and Physical Properties with Other Carbon Forms and Allotropes.”

Humayun Kabir, Haoyu Zhu, Jeremy May, Kailash Hamal, Yuwei Kan, Thomas Williams, Elena Echeverria, David N. McIlroy, David Estrada, Paul H. Davis, Twinkle Pandhi, Katie Yocham, Kari Higginbotham, Abraham Clearfield, I. Francis Cheng* Carbon 144, 2019, 831-840.

  1. “Application of GUITAR on the Negative Electrode of the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: Improved V3+/2+ Heterogeneous Electron Transfer with Reduced Hydrogen Gassing” Humayun Kabir 1, Isaiah O. Gyan, Jeremy D. Foutch, Haoyu Zhu and I. Francis Cheng, C-Journal of Carbon Research, 2016, 2, 13; doi:10.3390/c2020013.
  2. "Electrochemical Study of Biologically Relevant Molecules at Electrodes Constructed from GUITAR, a New Carbon Allotrope." Isaiah O. Gyan and I. Francis Cheng, Microchemical Journal, 2015, 122, 39-44., doi:10.1016/j.microc.2015.04.002

10.  “A Study of the Electrochemical Properties of a New Graphitic Material: GUITAR” Isaiah O. Gyan, Peter Wojcik, D. Eric Aston, David N. McIlroy and I. Francis Cheng, ChemElectroChem, 2015, 2, 700-706. DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402433

  1. “Low Cost and Simple Method for Graphene Synthesis” Isaiah Owusu Gyan, Haoyu Zhu, I. Francis Cheng, Chapter 7, Volume 4 CRC Graphene Science Handbook, Accepted May 2014.
  2. "Highest Measured Anodic Stability in Aqueous Solutions: Graphenic Electrodes from the Thermolyzed Asphalt Reaction" I. Francis Cheng, Yuqun Xie, Isaiah Owusu Gyan, Nolan R. Nicholas, Accepted by  RSC Advances, 2013, 3(7), 2379-2384 DOI:10.1039/C2RA23103D
  3. “Sulfur as an Important Co-factor in the formation of Multilayer Graphene in the Thermolyzed Asphalt Reaction” Yuqun Xie, Simon D. McAllister,  Seth A. Hyde, Jency Pricilla Sundararajan , B. A. Fouetio Kengne, David N. McIlroy, and I. Francis Cheng, Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012,22, 5723-5729, DOI: 10.1039/C2JM15934A,
  4. “Synthesis of Graphene Paper from Pyrolyzed Asphalt” I. Francis Cheng, R. Allen Gonzales, Yuqun Xie, Przemysław  R. Brejna, Jency Pricilla Sundararajan, B. A. Fouetio Kengne, D. Eric Aston, David N. McIlroy, Jeremy D. Foutch and Peter R. Griffiths Carbon 2011, 49, 2852-2861. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.03.020

Batteries and Fuel Cells

1.     “Electrochemical modification of a pyrolytic graphite sheet for improved negative electrode performance in the vanadium redox flow battery” Humayun Kabir, Isaiah O. Gyan and I. Francis Cheng*, Journal of Power Sources, 342 (2017) 31-37

2.     “Editorial: Batteries: Recent Advances in Carbon Materials” C-Journal of Carbon Research, 2017, 3, 1; doi:10.3390/c3010001

3.     “Investigating the Use of Porous Hollow Glass Microspheres in Positive Lead Acid Battery Plates” Dean B. Edwards, Matthew Sorge, Thomas A Bean, Travis Woodland, John R Canning, I. F Cheng, Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 266, 498-511

  1. “Fabrication of Porous Hollow Glass Microspheres” Yuqun Xie, Simon D. McAllister, Dean B. Edwards, I. Francis Cheng, Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 24, 10727-10730. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.07.049 
  1. “Conductive Ceramic Coating on Poly Acrylonitrile -Vinyl Chloride (Modacrylic) Discontinuous Fibers via Electroless Deposition” Sunil N Patankar, Simon D. McAllister, I. Francis Cheng, Dean B. Edwards, Journal of Power Sources, 2010 195, 362-366. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.07.010   
  2. “Lead dioxide coated hollow glass microspheres as conductive additives for lead acid batteries” S.D. McAllister, S.N. Patankar, I. Francis Cheng and D.B. Edwards, Scripta Materialia 2009, 61, 375-378 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.04.021
  1. “Preparation of Pt coated Fe nanoparticle supported by single-wall carbon nanotube by galvanic exchange.  Selective reduction of oxygen over methanol oxidation”, Kenichi Shimizu, I. Francis Cheng*, and Chien M. Wai, Electrochemical Communications, Accepted January, 2009.
  2. “Investigation on electrically conductive additives to improve positive active material utilization in lead-acid batteries” Rubha Ponraj, Simon D. McAllister, I. Francis Cheng*, Dean B. Edwards, Accepted Journal of Power Sources, 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.12.077
  3. “Water-in-supercritical CO2 microemulsion for synthesis of carbon nanotube supported Pt electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction” Kenichi Shimizu, Joanna S. Wanga, Clive H. Yen, Byunghoon Yoonb, Chien M. Wai, I. Francis Cheng*, Energy and Fuels 2008, 22, 2543-2549, DOI: 10.1021/ef800052b
  4.  “Purification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using a Supercritical Fluid Extraction Method” Joanna S. Wang, Chien M. Wai,*, Kenichi Shimizu, Frank Cheng, John J. Boeckl, Benji Maruyama, and Gail Brown. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, August 10, 2007, http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/asap.cgi/jpccck/asap/pdf/jp073374o.pdf DOI: 10.1021/jp073374o
  5. “Increase of Positive Active Material Utilization in Lead-Acid Batteries Using Diatomaceous Earth Additives” Simon D. McAllistera, Rubha Ponraja, I. Francis Chenga*, and Dean B. Edwards Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 173, 882-886  doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.033 
  6. Clive H. Yen,  Kenichi Shimizu, Ying-Ying Lin, Franklin Bailey, I. Francis Cheng, and Chien M. Wai, “ Chemical Fluid Deposition of Pt-Based Bimetallic Nanoparticles on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application” Energy and Fuels Energy Fuels, 21 (4), 2268 -2271, 2007 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/enfuem/2007/21/i04/abs/ef0606409.html doi:10.1021/ef0606409

Detection of Peroxide Explosives

  1. “Selective and Rapid Detection of Triacetone Triperoxide by Double-Step Chronoamperometry” I. Francis Cheng and Yuqun Xie, Microchemical Journal, 2010, 94, 166-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2009.10.016
  2. “Electrochemical Detection of the Explosive, Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD)” Derek F. Laine and I. Francis Cheng, Microchemical Journal, 2009, 91, 125-128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2008.08.015
  3. “Detection of hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide via the electrocatalytic Fenton reaction.” Derek F. Laine and I. Francis Cheng, Microchemical Journal, 2009, 91, 78-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2008.08.005
  4. “Electrochemical Detection of Triacetone Triperoxide Employing the Electrocatalytic Reaction of FeIIIEDTA and H2O2”  Derek F. Laine, Christopher W. Roske, I. Francis Cheng* Analytica Chimica Acta,, 2008, 608, 56-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.003

Environmental Chemistry

  1. “Heavy Metals Removal from Mine Runoff using Compost Bioreactors” David Christian, Edmund Wong, Ronald L. Crawford, Francis I. Cheng and  Thomas F. Hess, Accepted Journal of Environmental Quality. Journal of Environmental Quality 2010, 31, 1533-1546 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003786277
  2. “Enhanced Reactivity of Superoxide in Water-Solid Matrices” Olha Furman, Derek F. Laine, Alexander Blumenfeld, Amy L. Teel, I. Francis Cheng, and Richard J. Watts, Environmental Science and Technology, 2009, 43, 1528-1533. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es802505s
  3. A Mechanistic Study of the ZEA Organic Pollutant Degradation System: Evidence for H2O2, HO·, and the Homogeneous Activation of O2 by FeIIEDTA” Derek F. Laine, Alexander Blumenfeld, I. Francis Cheng Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 47 (17), 6502–6508, 2008 DOI: 10.1021/ie701676q http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/iecred/2008/47/i17/abs/ie701676q.html
  4. “The Destruction of Organic Pollutants under Mild Reaction Conditions: A Review” Derek F. Laine & I. Francis Cheng Microchemical Journal, 2007, 85, 183-193 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2006.07.002  
  5. Christina Noradoun, Chongkham S. Mekmaysy, Ryan Hutcheson, and I. Francis Cheng “Destruction of Malathion a Chemical Warfare Agent Surrogate using Dioxygen Activation at Room Temperature and Pressure” Green Chemistry (Royal Society), 2005, 7, 426–430 http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/GC/article.asp?doi=b502860d  doi: 10.1039/b502860d
  6. “Kinetics of EDTA Degradation Induced by Dioxgen Activation in a Zero Valent Iron/Air/Water System” Christina E. Noradoun, I. Francis Cheng* Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39,7158-7163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050137v
  7. I. Francis Cheng Book Review of “ACS Symposium Series 837 Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation Innovative Strategies for Subsurface Cleanup” Susan M. Henry and Scott D. Warner Eds.” for the Journal of Environmental Monitoring (RSC), July 2003
  8. Mark D. Engelmann, Ryan Hutcheson, Kristy Henschied, Ryan Neal, and I. Francis Cheng* “Simultaneous Determination of Total PCB and DDT by Dechlorination with Pd/Fe and Pd/Mg Bimetallic Particles and GC-FID” Microchemical Journal, 2003, 74, 19-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0026-265X(02)00084-X
  9. Christina Noradoun, Mark D. Engelmann, Matthew McLaughlin, Kevin Breen, and I. Francis Cheng*Mineralization of Organic Pollutants by Dioxygen Activation Under Aqueous Room Temperature, and Pressure Conditions” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 2003, 42, 5024-5030. http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/iecred/2003/42/i21/pdf/ie030076e.pdf
  10. Jose’ Morales, Ryan Hutcheson*, Christina Noradoun, I. Francis Cheng “Hydrogenation of Phenol by the Pd/Mg and Pd/Fe Bimetallic Systems Under Mild Reaction Conditions.” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2002, 41, 3071-3074 http://pubs.acs.org/journals/iecred/article.cgi/iecred/2002/41/i13/pdf/ie0200510.pdf
  11. Jose’ Morales, Ryan Hutchinson and I. Francis Cheng “Dechlorination of Chlorinated Phenols by Catalyzed and Uncatalyzed Fe(0) and Mg(0) Particles” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2002, 90(1), 97-108 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00336-3
  12. Mark Engelmann, John G. Doyle, I. Francis Cheng “Total Dechlorination of DDT by Pd/Mg Particles Under Mild Conditions” Chemosphere 2001, 43, 195-198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00163-6
  13. Mark Engelmann, and I. Francis Cheng “Elimination of Chlorinated Pesticide Interferences from Total PCB Analysis by Rapid Dechlorination with Pd/Mg Bimetallic Particles” LC-GC, 1999, 18, 154-160. 
  14. Hwa K. Yak, Bernd W. Wenclawiak, I. Francis Cheng, John G. Doyle, Chien M. Wai “Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Zero-valent Iron in Subcritical Water” Environmental Science and Technology, 1999, 33, 1307-1310 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/1999/33/i08/abs/es981066l.html  
  15. John G. Doyle, TeriAnn Miles, Erik Parker, I. Francis Cheng. “Quantification of Total PCB by Dechlorination to Biphenyl by Pd/Mg Bimetallic Particles.” Microchemical Journal 1999, 60, 290-295 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/mj/1998/00000060/00000003/art01668
  16. Francis Cheng, Rosy Muftikian, Quintus Fernando, Nic Korte, “Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia by Zero-Valent Iron.”, Chemosphere 1997, 35(11), 2689-2695. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/00456535/1997/00000035/00000011/art00275 
  17. I. Francis Cheng, Quintus Fernando, Nic Korte, “Electrochemical Dechlorination of 4-Chlorophenol to Phenol.” Environmental Science and Technology, 1997, 31(4) 1074-1078. http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/esthag/1997/31/i04/pdf/es960602b.pdf    

Mechanisms of Antioxidants

  1. “Electrochemical Characterization of Oxygen Reduction by FeII[ethylenediaminetetraacetate]” Derek F. Laine, Simon D. McAllister, I. Francis Cheng* Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,2007, 608, 111-116 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.05.012
  2. “Cyclic Voltammetric and Aqueous Equilibria Model Study of the pH dependant Iron(II/III)ethylenediamminetetraacetate Complex Reduction Potential” Kenichi Shimizu, Ryan Hutcheson, Mark D. Engelmann, and I. Francis Cheng, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2007, 603, 44-50. doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.01.027  
  3. Ryan M. Hutcheson, Mark D. Engelmann‡, and I. Francis Cheng* Voltammetric Studies of Zn and Fe Complexes of EDTA: Evidence for the Push Mechanism. Biometals, 2005, 18, 43-51 http://www.springerlink.com/content/u80981wm4j673248/?p=5aced0d2b93f4107a5f7d354de1980e2&pi=5 doi: 10.1007/s10534-004-5769-5
  4. Mark D. Engelmann, Ryan Hutcheson and I. Francis Cheng* Stability Of Ferric Complexes With 3-Hydroxyflavone (Flavonol), 5,7-Dihydroxyflavone (Chrysin), And 3’4’-Dihydroxyflavone. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53, 2953-2960 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jafcau/2005/53/i08/abs/jf048298q.html 
  5. Ryan Hutcheson, Mark D. Engelmann, & I. Francis Cheng* “A Hypothesis for the Basis of the Pro-oxidant Nature of Calcium Ions” Biometals, 2004 17:605-613 http://www.springerlink.com/content/x3513395m03nmx38/?p=975745dffafe4126b7c68140e026a330&pi=1 doi: 10.1007/s10534-004-1225-9
  6. Robert T. Bobier, Mark D. Engelmann, Terrance Hiatt, and I. Francis Cheng* “Variability of the Fenton Reaction Characteristics of the EDTA, DTPA, and Citrate Complexes of Iron” Biometals, 2003 16: 519–527. http://www.springerlink.com/content/r1115616623581v7/ doi: 10.1023/A:1023480617038
  7. Francis Cheng, Kevin Breen “On the Ability of Four Flavonoids, Baicilein, Luteolin, Naringenin, and Quercetin, to Suppress the Fenton Reaction of the Iron-ATP Complex.” Biometals, 2000, 13, 77-83. http://www.springerlink.com/content/x731247414087135/ doi: 10.1023/A:1009229429250
  8. I. Francis Cheng, Christopher P. Zhao, Andris Amolins, Malgorzata Galazka, Leon Doneski, “A Hypothesis for the in Vivo Antioxidant Action of  Salicylic Acid.” Biometals, 1996,  9(3) 285-290. http://www.springerlink.com/content/n824r25663213332/ doi: 10.1007/BF00817929
  9. Christopher P. Zhao, Malgorzata Galazka, and I. Francis Cheng. "Eletrocatalytic Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide by Iron-Adenosine Nucleotide Complexes." J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994, 379, 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(94)87175-2

Miscellaneous Topics  

  1. Electrospun Biocatalytic Hybrid Silica-PVA-Tyroinase Fiber Mats For Electrochemical Detection of Phenols” Dennis A Oriero, Isaiah O. Gyan, Benjamin W. Bolshaw, I. Francis Cheng, B. Eric Aston, Microchemical Journal, 2015, 118, 166-175.

2.     Ronald L Crawford, Andrzej Paszczynski, Qingyong Lang, Daniel P Erwin, Lisa Allenbach, Giancarlo Corti, Tony J Anderson, I Francis Cheng, Chien Wai, Bruce Barnes, Richard Wells, Touraj Assefi and Mohammad Mojarradi “Measurement of Microbial Activity in Soil by Observation of In Situ Dye Reduction: an Approach to Detection of Extraterrestrial Life” BMC Microbiology 2002, 2:22. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/2/22/abstract

3.     Umiker, K.J., M.J. Morra, and I.F. Cheng. Differential Pulse Polarography of Sulfur Species in Soil Extracts. Microchemical Journal 2002, 73, 287-297 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0026-265X(02)00097-8

4.     Qingyong Lang, I. Francis Cheng, Chien Wai, Andrzej Paszczynski, Ronald L. Crawford, Bruce Barnes, Tony J. Anderson, Richard Wells, , Giancarlo Corti, Lisa Allenbach, Daniel P. Erwin, Touraj Assefi, Mohammad Mojarradi “Supercritical Fluid Extraction and HPLC-DAD-ECD Detection of Signature Redox Compounds from Sand and Soil Samples.” Analytical Biochemistry, 2002, 301, 225-234. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/ab/2002/00000301/00000002/art05502

5.     Stephen Kariuki, Matthew Morra, I. Francis Cheng “Analysis of Ionic Polysulfides by Differential Pulse Polarography” Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001, 442, 277-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01171-0

6.     Ronald L. Crawford, Andrzej Paszczynski, Qingyong Lang, I. Francis Cheng, Bruce Barnes, Tony J. Anderson, Richard Wells, Chien Wai, Giancarlo Corti, Lisa Allenbach, Daniel P. Erwin, Joohye Park, Touraj Assefi, Mohammad Mojarradi “Defining and Describing the Chemical Signatures of Life” Icarus, 2001, 154, 531-539. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/00191035/2001/00000154/00000002/art96714

7.     I. Francis Cheng, Book Review of “Electrochemical Phase Formation and Growth: An Introduction to the Initial Stages of Metal Deposition” by E. Budevski, G. Staikov and W.J. Lorenz, ISBN 3-527-29422-8, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1997, 119(22) 5276.

8.     Isabella T. Smalera and I. Francis Cheng. "A Quantitative Detector For Thin-Layer Chromatography Based on Voltammetry At A Pt Microwire Electrode." Microchemical Journal, 1993, 47, 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mchj.1993.1031

9.     I.F. Cheng, "Estimation of Step-Wise Stability Constants for Aqueous Tetramethylammonium-Hexacyanoferrate Ion Pairs." Analytica Chimica Acta, 1991, 251, 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(91)87112-K

Papers as a Graduate Student and Postdoc

1.     Del R. Lawson, Michael J. Tierney, I. Francis Cheng, Leon S. Van Dyke and Charles R. Martin. "Use Of A Coulometric Assay Technique To Study The Variables Affecting Deuterium Loading Levels Within Palladium Electrodes." Electrochimica Acta, 1991, 36, 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(91)85342-5

2.     I.F. Cheng and J. Jordan. "Light Assisted Electrolysis of Water Using MoS2 Photoanodes Stabilized in a Cell with a Liquid-Liquid Phase Boundary," J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 3874. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/j100162a079

3.     I.F. Cheng, Jane M. Schimpf and Charles R. Martin. "Microelectrode Ensembles IV. Sealing Defects Between Ensemble Elements and Host Membranes with Octadecyltrichlorosilane," J. Electroanal. Chem. 1990, 284, 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(90)85054-9

4.     C.R. Martin, M. Tierney, I.F. Cheng, L.S. Van Dyke, Z. Cai, J. McBride and C. Brumlik. "Nano and Microstructures in Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Material Science," in the Proceedings of the Conference for Nanostructure Physics and Fabrication, March 1989, College Station, Texas, Mark A. Reed and Wiley P. Kirk Eds., Academic Press, San Diego, CA

5.     Thomas Mebrahtu, Jose F. Rodriguez, Michael E. Bothwell, I. Francis Cheng, Del R. Lawson, John R. McBride, Charles R. Martin and Manuel P. Soriaga. "Observations on the surface of palladium cathodes after D2O electrolysis in LiOD solutions," J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989, 267, 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(89)80268-2

6.      I.F Cheng, L.D. Whiteley and C.R. Martin. "Microelectrode Ensembles. III Comparison of Experimental And Theoretical Responses And Evaluation Of Electroanalytical Detection Limits," Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 762. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac00182a024

7.       I.F. Cheng and C.R. Martin. "Microelectrode Ensembles II. Ultramicrodisk Electrode Ensembles Prepared By Incorporating Carbon Paste Into A Microporous Host Membrane," Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 2163 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac00170a038

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