Knowing the Answer

Jonathan Schaffer

University of Massachusetts, Amherst

How should one understand knowledge-wh ascriptions? That is, how should one understand claims such as "I know where the car is parked," in which the complement clause is an indirect question? The received view is that knowledge-wh reduces to knowledge-that. I will argue that the reduction of knowledge-wh to knowledge-that fails, and that one should instead understand knowledge-that by expanding it into knowledge-wh. The view that will emerge casts all knowledge as question-relative. To know is to know the answer.