# data from Table 5.5.2


data <- matrix(scan(),ncol=2,byrow=TRUE)
  3   8
  4   4   

data

data
table552 <- data.frame(data)
colnames(table552) <- c("PE","No PE")
rownames(table552) <- c("Drug","No Drug")

table552
rm(data)


 # Here is Fisher's exact test

fisher.test(table552)


 # Here is Fisher's exact test specifying a directional alternative

fisher.test(table552,alternative="less")


rm(table552)


 # Table probabilities can be calculated directly using the function for the hypergeometric
 # distribution, dhyper

dhyper(0, 7, 12, 11) +dhyper(1, 7, 12, 11) +dhyper(2, 7, 12, 11) +dhyper(3, 7, 12, 11)
[1] 0.2966182