# data from Table 2.8.1 in the text

before <- c(16.55, 15.36, 15.94, 16.43, 16.01) 


after <- c(16.05, 15.98, 16.10, 15.88, 15.91)


 # the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test  (by default a two-sided test, p-value calculation depends on sample size)


ks.test(before,after)           # check the help file (type ?ks.test) for options 


rm(before, after)               # remove objects when finished