Technology of Writing
A relatively recent technological invention.
An application with some sort of medium/surface to record (wood, clay, or
stone tablet/surface, hide, parchment, paper, computer screen) and marking
device (itching or imprinting device, ink and pen, press, keyboard), with a
shared, standardized symbolic code, e.g., alphabet with consonants and vowels
Developed in old world, e.g., Sumerian cuneiform on clay tokens some 3,500 BCE (fundamentally a series of pictographs, used for recording ideas and numbers associated with economic transactions), with Semitic languages, such as Arabic, Aramaic, Hebrew and Phoenician,
developing a consonant system as early as 1,050 BCE,
and Greeks adding vowels as early as 400 BCE
(Carbon 14 dating, place the Dead Sea Scrolls (900 documents on papyrus and
animal skin, including the entire Hebrew Bible) around 335 BCE - 107 BCE).
In new world, see independent development and application of writing focusing around the calendar, cosmic and religious notations, e.g., Omec and Maya dating back 900 BCE.