Leaf Optical Properties

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Cameron, R. J. 1970. Light intensity and the growth of Eucalyptus seedlings. II. The effect of cuticular waxes on light absorption in leaves of Eucalyptus species. Australian Journal of Botany 18:275-284.

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Ehleringer, J. R. 1988. Changes in leaf characteristics of species along elevational gradients in the Wasatch-Front, Utah. American Journal of Botany 75:680-689.

Ehleringer, J. R. and O. Björkman. 1978. Pubescence and leaf spectral characteristics in a desert shrub, Encelia farinosa . Oecologia 36:151-162.

Ehleringer, J. R. and H. A. Mooney. 1978. Leaf hairs: effects on physiological activity and adaptive value to a desert shrub. Oecologia 37:183-200.

Ehleringer, J. and O. Björkman. 1976. Leaf pubescence: effects on absorptance and photosynthesis in a desert shrub. Science 192:376-377.

Ellenson, J. L. and R. G. Amundson. 1982. Delayed light imaging for the early detection of plant stress. Science 215:1104-1106.

Eller, B. M. 1979. The significance of layers superimposed to the epidermis for leaf ecology and leaf radiation budget. Flora 168:146-192.

Eller, B. M. 1985. Epidermis and the spectral properties of plant surfaces. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 98:465-475.

Eller, B. M. 1977. Leaf pubescence: The significance of lower surface hairs for the spectral properties of the upper surface. Journal of Experimental Botany 28:1054-1059.

Eller, B. M. and P. Willi. 1977. The significance of the wax bloom on leaves of Kalanchoe pumila Baker for the absorption of global radiation. Flora 166:461-474.

Flint, S. D., P. W. Jordan, and M. M. Caldwell. 1985. Plant protective response to enhanced UV-B radiation under field conditions: Leaf optical properties and photosynthesis. Photochemistry and Photobiology 41:95-99.

Gallo, K. P., C. S. T. Daughtry, and M. E. Bauer. 1985. Spectral estimation of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation in corn canopies. Remote Sensing of Environment 17:221-232.

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Gauslaa, Y. 1984. Heat resistance and energy budget in different Scandinavian plants. Holarctic Ecology 7:3-78.

Gausman, H. W. Allen W. A. Myers V. I. Gardens R. 1969. Reflectance and internal structure of cotton leaves, Gossypium hirsutum L. Agronomy Journal 61:374-376.

Gausman, H. W. 1985. Plant leaf optical properties in visible and near-infrared light. Texas Tech Press, Lubbock, Texas, USA.

Gausman, H. W. 1977. Reflectance of leaf components. Remote Sensing of Environment 6:1-9.

Gausman, H. W. 1973. Reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance of light by subcellular particles of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. Agronomy Journal 65:551-553.

Gausman, H. W. and W. A. Allen. 1973. Optical properties of leaves of 30 plant species. Plant Physiology 52:57-62.

Gausman, H. W. and R. Cardenas. 1973. Light reflectance by leaflets of pubescent, normal, and glabrous soybean lines. Agronomy Journal 65:837-838.

Gausman, H. W. and D. E. Escobar. 1982. Reflectance measurement of artificially induced ultraviolet radiation stress on cotton leaves. Remote Sensing of Environment 12:485-490.

Gausman, H. W., W. A. Allen, C. L. Wiegand, D. E. Escobar, Rodriguez, R.R., and A. J. Richardson. 1973. The leaf mesophylls of twenty crops, their light spectra, and optical and geometrical parameters. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture in Cooperation with Texas Agricultural Experimental Station, Technical Bulletin 1465:1-59.

Gausman, H. W., J. H. Everitt, A. H. Gerbermann, and R. L. Bowen. 1977. Canopy reflectance and film image relations among three south Texas rangeland plants. Journal of Range Management 30:449-450.

Gausman, H. W., R. M. Menges, D. E. Escobat, J. H. Everitt, and R. L. Bowen. 1977. Pubescence affects spectra and imagery of silverleaf sunflower (Helianthus argophyllus). Weed Science 25:437-440.

Gausman, H. W., R. R. Rodriguez, and D. E. Escobar. 1975. Ultraviolet radiation reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance by plant epdermises. Agronomy Journal 67:719-724.

Gholz, H. L. 1978. Assessing stress in Rhododendron macrophyllum through an analysis of leaf physical and chemical characteristics. Journal of Canadian Botany 56:546-556.

Girard, C. M. 1982. Estimation of phenological stages and physiological state of grasslands from remote sensing data. Vegetatio 48:219-226.

Green, C. F., T. C. K. Dawkins, and B. Hunter. 1985. Influence of foliar applied chlormequat on radiation attenuation by winter barley canopies. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 105:213-216.

Gueymard, C. 1986. Monthly averages of the daily effective optical air mass and solar related angles for horizontal or inclined surfaces. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 108:320-324.

Hatfield, J. L. 1979. Canopy temperatures: the usefulness and reliability of remote measurements. Agronomy Journal 71:889-892.

Hatfield, J. L. and R. E. Carlson. 1979. Light quality distributions and spectral albedo of three maize canopies. Agricultural Meteorology 20:215-226.

Heilman, J. L. and M. R. Kress. 1987. Effects of vegetation on spectral irradiance at the soil surface. Agronomy Journal 79:765-768.

Hutchings, M. J. 1976. Spectral transmission and the aerial profile inmature stands of Mercurialis perennis L. Annals of Botany 40:1207-1216.

Kimes, D. S., W. W. Newcomb, C. J. Tucker, I. S. Zonneveld, van, W. Wijngaarden, J. de Leeuw, and G. F. Epema. 1985. Directional reflectance factor distributions for cover types of northern Africa. Remote Sensing of Environment 18:1-19.

Kimes, D. S., J. A. Smith, and J. K. Berry. 1979. Extension of the optical diffraction analysis technique for estimating forest canopy geometry. Australian Journal of Botany 27:575-588.

King, J., E. M. Sim, and G. T. Barthram. 1986. A comparison of spectral reflectance and sward surface height measurements to estimate herbage mass and leaf area index in continuously stocked ryegrass pastures. Grass and Forage Science 41:251-258.

Kollenkark, J. C., V. C. Vanderbilt, C. S. T. Daughtry, and M. E. Bauer. 1982. Influence of solar illumination angle on soybean canopy reflectance. Applied Optics 21:1179-1184.

Krulik, G. A. 1980. Light transmission in window-leaved plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 58:1591-1600.

Lautenschlager-Fleury, D. 1955. Uber die Ultraviolettdurchlassigkeit von Blattepidermen. Berichte der Scweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 65:343-386.

Leckie, D. G., P. M. Teillet, G. Fedosejevs, and D. P. Ostaff. 1988. Reflectance characteristics of cumulative defoliation of balsam fir. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18:1008-1016.

Lee, D. W. and R. Graham. 1986. Leaf optical properties of rainforest sun and extreme shade plants. American Journal of Botany 73:1100-1108.

Lee, D. W. and J. B. Lowry. 1975. Physical basis and ecological significance of iridescence in blue plants. Nature 254:50-51.

Lee, D. W. and J. B. Lowry. 1980. Young-leaf anthocyanin and solar ultraviolet. Biotropica 12:75-76.

Lillesaeter, O. 1982. Spectral reflectance of partly transmitting leaves: Laboratory measurements and mathematical modeling. Remote Sensing of Environment 12:247-254.

Maas, S. J. and J. R. Dunlap. 1989. Reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance of light by normal etiolated, and albino corn leaves. Agronomy Journal 81:105-110.

Mack, A. R., E. J. Brach, and V. R. Rao. 1980. Changes in spectral characteristics of cereal crops with physiological development. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 60:411-417.

Mandoli, D. F. and W. R. Briggs. 1983. Physiology and optics of plant tissues. What's New in Plant Physiology 14:13-16.

McClendon, J. H. 1984. The micro-optics of leaves. I. Patterns of reflection from the epidermis. American Journal of Botany 71:1391-1397.

McCree, K. J. 1971. The action spectrum, absorptance and quantum yield of photosynthesis in crop plants. Agricultural Meteorology 9:191-216.

McCree, K. J. and M. E. Keener. 1974. Effect of atmospheric turbidity on the photosynthetic rates of leaves. Agricultural Meteorology 13:349-357.

Moreshet, S., G. Stanhill, and M. Fuchs. 1977. Effect of increasing foliage reflectance on the CO2 uptake and transpiration resistance of a grain sorghum crop. Agronomy Journal 69:246-250.

Moss, R. A. and W. E. Loomis. 1952. Absorption spectra of leaves. I. The visible spectrum. Plant Physiology 27:370-391.

Mulroy, T. W. 1979. Spectral properties of heavily glaucous and non-glaucous leaves of a succulent rossette-plant. Oecologia 38:349-357.

Oya, V. M. and A. Kh Laisk. 1976. Adaptation of the photosynthesis apparatus to the light profile in the leaf. Fiziologiya Rastenii 23:445-451.

Pukacki, P., M. Giertych, and W. Chalupka. 1980. Light filtering function of bud scales in woody plants. Planta 150:132-133.

Rabideau, G. S., C. S. French, and A. S. Holt. 1946. The absorption and reflection spectra of leaves, chloroplast suspensions, and chloroplast fragments as measured in an Ulbricht sphere. American Journal of Botany 33:769-777.

Rao, V. R., E. J. Brach, and A. R. Mack. 1978. Crop discriminability in the visible and near infrared regions. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 44:1179-1184.

Rawson, H. M., R. L. Dunstone, M. J. Long, and J. E. Begg. 1984. Canopy development, light interception and seed production in sunflower as influenced by temperature and radiation. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 11:255-265.

Reginato, R. J., S. B. Idso, and R. D. Jackson. 1978. Estimating forage crop production: a technique adaptable to remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 7:77-80.

Ripley, B. D. 1978. Spectral analysis and the analysis of pattern in plant communities. Journal of Ecology 66:965-981.

Robberecht, R. 1989. Environmental photobiology. Pages 135-154 in K.C. Smith, editor. The Science of Photobiology. Second edition. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, New York, USA.

Robberecht, R. and M. M. Caldwell. 1983. Protective mechanisms and acclimation to solar ultraviolet-B radiation in Oenothera stricta. Plant, Cell and Environment 6:477-485.

Robberecht, R. and M. M. Caldwell. 1978. Leaf epidermal transmittance of ultraviolet radiation and its implications for plant sensitivity to ultraviolet-radiation induced injury. Oecologia 32:277-287.

Robberecht, R. and M. M. Caldwell. 1986. Leaf UV optical properties of Rumex patientia and Rumex obtusifolius L. in regard to a protective mechanism against solar UV-B radiation injury. Pages 251-259 in R.C. Worrest and M.M. Caldwell, editors. Stratospheric ozone reduction, solar ultraviolet radiation and plant life. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.

Robberecht, R., M. M. Caldwell, and W. D. Billings. 1980. Leaf ultraviolet optical properties along a latitudinal gradient in the arctic-alpine zone. Ecology 61:612-619.

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Shaver, G. R. 1978. Leaf angle and light absorptance of Arctostaphylos species (Ericaceae) along environmental gradients. Madrono 25:133-138.

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Shibayama, M. and C. L. Wiegand. 1985. View azimuth and zenith, and solar angle effects on wheat canopy reflectance. Remote Sensing of Environment 18:91-103.

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Stoutjesdijk, Ph. 1972. Spectral transmission curves of some types of leaf canopies with a note on seed germination. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 21:185-191.

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Tageyeva, S. V. and A. B. Brandt. 1960. Study of the optical properties of leaves in relation to the angle of incidence of light. Biophysics 5:354-365.

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Tucker, C. J. 1980. A spectral method for determining the percentage of green herbage material in clipped samples. Remote Sensing of Environment 9:175-181.

Tucker, C. J. 1980. Remote sensing of leaf water content in the near infrared. Remote Sensing of Environment 10:23-32.

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