Below you will find the comprehensive list of
toxic plants that has been compiled from many other sources.
They have been presorted in three ways: 1)
alphabetically by
common name, 2) alphabetically by scientific name, and 3)
by
growth type (browse, forb, grass, shrub, tree) and then
alphabetically within each type by common name.
For the third option: browse means woody species
generally smaller than shrubs; forbs are leafy species that may
be either monocot or dicot, and may be annual, perennial, or
biennial.
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Area Affected |
Toxin (If Known) |
Type |
Comments; Regional Names |
Acacia |
Acacia & Robinia spp. |
Gastric & Nervous Systems |
Glycosides; Phytotoxin |
Tree |
False acacia; black locust |
Aconite |
Aconitum columbianum |
Gastric; Colic |
Alkaloid Aconitine |
Forb |
Monkshood; not toxic when dried; used in homeopathy |
Akee |
Blighia sapida |
Teratogenic; Fetal |
Teratogens |
Tree |
|
Alsike clover |
Trifolium hybridum |
Liver Disease; Hepatitis; Teratogenic |
Mycotoxin |
Forb |
When wet/humid |
American coffee berry |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric; Diarrhea; Death |
Alkaloid Cytisine |
Tree |
Kentucky mahogany/coffee tree; nicker tree; stump tree |
Anemone |
Ranunculus spp |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Glycosides; Protoanemonin |
Forb |
See buttercups; not toxic when dried |
Arborvitae |
Thuja occidentalis |
Fetal Damage |
Thujone |
Tree |
Not common: toxic if consumed in quantity |
Arrowgrass |
Triglochin maritimum |
Nervous; Respiratory; Death |
Cyanide; Prussic Acid |
Grass |
Also toxic when dried in hay. |
Autumn crocus |
Colchicum autumnale |
Teratogenic; Fetal; Neurologic |
Teratogens |
Browse |
Meadow saffron |
Avocado |
Persea americana |
Colic/Diarrhea; Mastitis; Cardiac; Death |
Persin |
Tree |
Guatemalan variety only; fruit/seeds/leaves |
Azalea |
Rhododendron spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Tremors |
Cyanide; Ursol Acid |
Shrub |
Also toxic when dried; rhododendrons |
Bastard toadflax |
Comandra pallida |
|
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Beardtongue |
Penstemon calycosus |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Bermuda grass |
Cynodon dactylon |
Gastric System |
May have ergot |
Grass |
|
Be-still |
Thevetia thevetioides |
Colic/Diarrhea; Sudden Death |
Glycosides |
Tree |
Lucky nut tree; yellow oleander |
Birdsville indigo |
Indigofera linnaei |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic |
Indospicine |
Forb |
|
Bishop's weed |
Ammi majus |
Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Large bullwort |
Bitter nightshade |
Solanum dulcamara |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
European bittersweet; climbing nightshade |
Bitter sneezeweed |
Helenium hoopesii |
GI Irritant |
Sesquiterpene Lactone |
Forb |
Sneezeweed |
Bitterweed |
Hymenoxys odorata |
Mouth/GI Irritant |
Hymenoxen |
Forb |
|
Black henbane |
Hyoscyamus niger |
Convulsions; Coma; Death |
Glycoalkaloids |
Forb |
|
Black locust |
Robinia pseudoacacia |
Ataxia; Colic/Diarrhea; Paralysis |
Lectin |
Tree |
Bark is most toxic |
Black nightshade |
Solanum nigrum |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; solanine |
Forb |
Deadly nightshade |
Black walnut |
Juglans nigra |
Weakness; Laminitis; Dermatitis |
Unknown |
Tree |
|
Bladderpod |
Lesquerella gordonii |
Diarrhea; Weakness; Death |
Saponins |
Shrub |
|
Bleeding heart |
Dicentra spectabilis; formosa |
Convulsions; weakness; staggering |
Alkaloids; Isoquinoline |
Forb |
Dutchman's breeches |
Bloodroot |
Sanguinaria canadensis |
Gastric; Muscular; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Blue mustard |
Chorispora tenella |
Deformed Foals |
Glucosinolates |
Forb |
|
Bouncing Bet |
Saponaria officinalis |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Depression |
Saponin |
Forb |
Soapwort |
Boxwood |
Buxus spp. |
Neurologic; Colic; Respiratory |
Cyclobuxin (Alkaloid) |
Shrub |
All plant parts toxic |
Bracken fern |
Pteridium aquilinum |
Thiamin Deficiency; Ataxia |
Thiaminase; Filicin |
Browse |
Western brackenfern; all parts poisonous |
Bristlegrass |
Setaria spp |
Physical; Mouth/GI; Foam/Drool |
Physical |
Grass |
Green bristlegrass; hooked bristlegrass |
Broom groundsel |
Senecio spartioides |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Broom snakeweed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
Se List; Abort/Repro |
Se Accumulator; Terpenes |
Shrub |
Turpentine weed; snakeweed; matchweed |
Broomweed |
Gutierrezia microcephala |
Abortion; See List For Se Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Buckeye |
Aesculus hippocastanum |
Neurologic; Weakness; Trembling |
Saponin |
Tree |
All parts toxic; horse chestnut |
Buckwheat |
Fagopyrum esculentum |
Photosensitization |
Fagopyrin |
Forb |
|
Budsage |
Artemesia spinescens |
Neurological |
Possibly monoterpenes |
Shrub |
|
Buffalo burr nightshade |
Solanum rostratum |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
Buffalobur |
Buffalobur |
Solanum rostratum |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
Buffalo burr nightshade |
Bull nettle |
Solanum carolinense |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
|
Bull thistle |
Cirsium vulgare |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Burdock |
Arctium minus |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Forb |
|
Burr trefoil |
Medicago polymorpha |
Photosensitization From Liver Failure |
Mimosine |
Forb |
|
Burrow weed |
Haplopappus tenuisecta |
Neurological; Ataxia; Muscular |
Tremetol |
Forb |
Trembles |
Butter and eggs |
Linarea vulgaris |
Gastric System |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Yellow toadflax |
Buttercup |
Ranunculus spp |
Mouth/GI Irritant/Colic |
Protoanemonin (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
All buttercups; loss of milk production |
Butterweed |
Senecio glabellus |
Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Button bush |
Cephalanthus occidentalis |
Gastrointestinal |
Glycosides |
Shrub |
|
California buckeye |
Aesculus californica |
GI Irritant |
Saponin; Aesculen |
Tree |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Canada thistle |
Cirsium arvense |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Carolina jessamine |
Gelsemium sempervirens |
Gastric; Weakness; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Evening trumpetflower, false jessamine |
Castor bean |
Ricinus communis |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia |
Ricin (Toxalbumin); Lectin |
Forb |
Seeds in particular; highly toxic; see rosary pea |
Cat's ears |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Possible stringhalt; Neurological |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Flatweed, false dandelion |
Cheatgrass |
Bromus tectorum |
Mouth/Digestive Tract |
Physical |
Grass |
Downy brome |
Chinaberry |
Melia azedarach |
Gastric; Cardiac; Diarrhea |
Terpenes; unidentified |
Tree |
|
Chokecherry |
Prunus virginiana |
Sudden Death |
Cyanide/Glycosides |
Tree |
Drought & freeze increase toxicity |
Christplant |
Euphorbia milii |
Skin Irritations; Mouth/GI |
Latex |
Shrub |
Crown of thorns |
Clematis |
Clematis spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Neurotoxic |
Protoanemonin (Alkaloid) |
Browse |
All plant parts |
Climbing bittersweet |
Celastrus scandens |
Neurological; Gastric |
Solanine |
Browse |
Nightshades |
Climbing nightshade |
Solanum dulcamara |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
European bittersweet; bitter nightshade |
Clovers |
Trifolium spp |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic |
Slaframine |
Forb |
|
Cockle burrs |
Xanthium spp. |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Forb |
Cockleburs; 2 spp; seedlings/seeds toxic |
Cockleburs |
Xanthium spp. |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Forb |
Cockle burrs; 2 spp; seedlings/seeds toxic |
Cockspur |
Crataegus crus-galli |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Physical impaction |
Tree |
Hawthorn; cockspur hawthorn; fruits toxic |
Coffee weed |
Cassia occidentalis |
Lameness; Muscle Weakness |
Anthraquinone |
Forb |
Sienna weed |
Cohosh |
Actaea rubra |
Respiratory; Cardiac |
Glycoside |
Forb |
Red baneberry |
Colorado rubberweed |
Hymenoxys richardsonii |
GI Irritant; Photosensitization |
Sesquiterpene |
Forb |
Rubberweed; pingue |
Comfrey |
Symphytum officinale |
Chronic Poisoning; Liver |
PA/Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Common groundsel |
Senecio vulgaris |
See List For PA |
PA/Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Common vetch |
Vicia sativa |
Blindness; Convulsions |
Cyanide; Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Copperweed |
Oxytenia acerosa |
GI Irritant; Weakness; Coma |
Possibly sesquiterpenes |
Shrub |
|
Corn cockle |
Agrostemma githago |
Muscles; ataxia |
Saponin |
Forb |
Seeds in particular |
Corn lily |
Veratrum californicum |
Colic/Diarrhea; Teratogenic |
Steroid (Alkaloids) |
Forb |
Western false hellebore; false hellebore; chasing green |
Creeping charlie |
Glechoma hederacea |
Respiratory; Sweating |
Glechomin |
Forb |
Ground ivy; all parts when fresh; not in stored hay |
Creeping/trailing indigo |
Indigofera spicata |
Teratogenic; Ataxia; Hepatotoxic |
Indospicine |
Forb |
Picas |
Crofton weed |
Ageratina adenophora |
Ataxia; Muscular |
Tremetol |
Forb |
Eupatorium adenophorum |
Crown of thorns |
Euphorbia milii |
Skin Irritations; Mouth/GI |
Latex |
Shrub |
Christplant |
Crown vetch |
Coronella varia |
Weight loss; Abnormal behavior |
Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Curly dock |
Rumex crispus |
Kidney; Tremors; Coma; Death |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Curlycup gumweed |
Grindelia squarrosa |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
Resinweed; gumweed |
Cutleaf nightshade |
Solanum |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids/Glycosides |
Forb |
|
Daffodil |
Narcissus spp. |
Gastric/mouth, Dermatitis |
Alkaloids; Narcissine |
Forb |
Bulbs in particular; narcissus |
Deadly nightshade |
Solanum nigrum |
Colic/Diarrhea; Collapse |
Alkaloids/Solanine |
Forb |
Black nightshade; drought increases toxicity |
Deathcamas |
Zigadenus spp |
Neurotoxin; Colic; Death |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
15 spp deadly within days; 8-10 lbs |
Delphinium |
Delphinium spp |
Paralysis; Respiratory |
Aconitin (Alkaloid); Nitrates |
Forb |
Larkspur |
Dogbane |
Apocynum cannabinum |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Cardiac Glycosides |
Forb |
Hemp dogbane; Indian hemp; under 24 hours |
Downy brome |
Bromus tectorum |
Mouth/Digestive Tract |
Physical |
Grass |
Cheatgrass |
Dutchman's breeches |
Dicentra cucullaria |
Trembling; Diarrhea; Convulsions |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Squirrel corn; bleeding heart family |
Easter lily |
Lilium longiflorum |
Kidney; Gastric; Weakness |
Unidentified |
Forb |
|
Elderberry |
Sambucus canadensis |
Cardiac/Sudden Death; Ataxia |
Nitrates; Glycosides |
Tree |
See list for nitrate toxicosis; death within minutes |
English ivy |
Hedera helix |
Gastric; Respiratory; Coma; Death |
Saponin |
Browse |
Entire plant |
European bittersweet |
Solanum dulcamara |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Bitter nightshade; climbing nightshade |
European hemlock |
Conium maculatum |
Death; Teratogenic |
Teratogens; Alkaloids |
Forb |
Spotted/poison hemlocks; 2-3 hours |
European milkvetch |
Astragalus spp |
Fetal Damage |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Evening trumpetflower |
Gelsemium sempervirens |
Gastric; Weakness; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Carolina jessamine, false jessamine |
False dandelion |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Lameness |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Cat's ears, flatweed |
False hellebore |
Veratrum californicum |
Colic/Diarrhea; Teratogenic |
Steroid (Alkaloids) |
Forb |
Western false hellebore; corn lily; chasing green |
Fetterbush |
Pieris spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Arbutin |
Shrub |
|
Fiddleneck |
Amsinckia menziesii |
Hepatotoxic; Weight Loss |
PA; Nitrates |
Forb |
Tarweed; see list for nitrate toxicosis |
Field bindweed |
Convolvulus arvensis |
Colic/Diarrhea; Cardiac |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Forb |
Morning glory; see list for nitrate toxicosis |
Field mustard |
Brassica rapa |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Anorexia |
Glucosinolates |
Forb |
|
Fireweed |
Kochia scoparia |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic; Nitrate |
Oxalates; Nitrates |
Forb |
Kochia; summer cypress |
Flatweed |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Lameness |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Cat's ears, false dandelion |
Flixweed |
Descurainia sophia |
Deformed Foals |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Sophia, tansy mustard |
Foxglove |
Digitalis purpurea |
Cardiac; Gastric; Sudden Death |
Glycosides; saponins |
Forb |
Purple Foxglove; under 24 hours |
Foxtail barley |
Hordeum jubatum |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Freckled milkvetch |
Astragalus lentiginosus |
Neurological |
Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Fringed sage |
Artemisia frigida |
Neurological |
Neurotoxin |
Shrub |
Prairie sagewort |
Fumewort |
Corydalis spp. |
Convulsions; Staggers; Collapse |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Several species are included. |
Gambel's oak |
Quercus gambelii |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Tannic Acid; Gallotannins |
Tree |
Tannins in young leaves; bark; acorns |
German millet |
Setaria italica |
Kidney; Joint; Bone |
|
Grass |
Crop/pasture grass |
Golden chain tree |
Laburnum anagryroides |
GI; Neuromuscular |
Alkaloids; Cytisine |
Tree |
Entire plant; seeds in particular |
Golden oatgrass |
Trisetum flavescens |
Weakness; Weight loss; Calcinosis |
Unknown |
Grass |
|
Golden weed |
Haplopappus engelmannii |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
|
Goldenrods |
Solidago spp |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Goose grass |
Triglochin spp. |
Ataxia; Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Grass |
Arrow/pod grasses; within minutes |
Goosegrass |
Eleusine indica |
Gastric Distress |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
Wiregrass |
Greasewood |
Sarcobatus vermiculatus |
Ca Deficiency; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Shrub |
|
Green bristlegrass |
Setaria spp |
Mouth/Throat/Gastric |
Physical |
Grass |
Bristlegrass; hooked bristlegrass |
Green false hellebore |
Veratrum eschscholtzii |
Fetal Damage; Colic/Diarrhea |
Protoanemonin; Alkaloids |
Forb |
Cyclops foals |
Ground ivy |
Glechoma hederacea |
Respiratory; Sweating |
Glechomin |
Forb |
Creeping charlie; all parts when fresh; not in stored
hay |
Groundsel |
Senecio plattensis |
Hepatotoxic; Teratogenic; Weakness |
PA; Teratogens |
Forb |
Ragwort. |
Gumweed |
Grindelia squarrosa |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Shrub |
Curlycup gumweed; resinweed |
Hairy nightshade |
Solanum sarrachoides |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Halogeton |
Halogeton glomeratus |
Kidney; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Hard maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Hawthorn |
Crataegus crusgalli |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical |
Tree |
Cockspur; fruits |
Heliotrope |
Heliotropium arborescens |
Weight Loss; hepatotoxic |
Pyrrolizidin |
Forb |
Seeds in particular |
Hemp |
Cannabis sativa |
Neurotoxin |
60 Compounds |
Forb |
Marijuana |
Hemp dogbane |
Apocynum cannabinum |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Cardiac/Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Forb |
Dogbane; Indian hemp; all parts toxic |
Hoary alyssum |
Berteroa incana |
GI; Founder; Laminitis; Edema |
Unknown |
Forb |
|
Honeysuckle |
Ionicera periclymenum |
Diarrhea; Lethargy |
|
Shrub |
Plants and berries |
Honey mesquite |
Prosopis glandulosa |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical |
Tree |
Fruits only; mesquite |
Hooked bristlegrass |
Setaria spp |
Mouth/Throat/Gastric |
Physical |
Grass |
Green bristlegrass; bristlegrass |
Horse chestnut |
Aesculus hippocastanum |
Muscles; Ataxia |
Saponin; Aesculen |
Tree |
All parts toxic; buckeye |
Horse nettle |
Solanum carolinense |
Colic/Diarrhea; Paralysis; Death |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Nightshades |
Horsetails |
Equisetum spp. |
Weakness; Stumbling; Arrhythmia |
Aconitic Acid |
Forb |
Snakegrass; scouring rush; all parts toxic; B1 may help |
Houndstongue |
Cynoglossum officinale |
Liver; Weight Loss |
Hepatotoxin/PA |
Forb |
All stages of plant; liver failure |
Hyacinth |
Hyacinthus orientalis |
Diarrhea; Colic |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Garden hyacinth; foliage may cause dermatitis |
Hydrangea |
Hydrangea spp. |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Respiratory |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Shrub |
Several spp; entire plant toxic |
Indian hemp |
Apocynum cannabinum |
Cardiac; Sudden Death; Colic |
Cardiac Glycosides |
Forb |
Dogbane; hemp dogbane; under 24 hours |
Indian paintbrush |
Castilleja linariaefolia |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Ironweed |
Sideranthus grindelioides |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Shrub |
|
Jack-in-the-Pulpit |
Arisaema triphyllum |
Lips/Mouth/Tongue; Salivation |
Oxalates |
Forb |
Several spp. |
Jamestown weed |
Datura stramonium |
Cardiac; Coma; Death |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Stinkweed; mad apple; jimson weed; thornapple |
Japanese yew |
Taxus cuspidata |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Taxine (Alkaloid) |
Shrub |
All parts except berries; death within hours |
Jerusalem cherry |
Solanum pseudocapsicum |
Colic/Diarrhea; See Nitrate List |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Shrub |
|
Jessamine, day blooming |
Cestrum diurnum |
Calcinosis; Lameness/Weakness |
Hyoscine |
Tree |
Wild jasmine |
Jessamine, false |
Gelsemium sempervirens |
Gastric; Weakness; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
|
Jessamine, night blooming |
Cestrum nocturnum |
Lameness/Muscle Weakness |
Atropine-like Alkaloids |
Tree |
|
Jimmy weed |
Haplopappus heterophyllus |
Neurological; Muscle; Ataxia |
Tremetol |
Shrub |
Southern goldenbush; trembles |
Jimson weed |
Datura stramonium |
Teratogenic; Neurological; See Nitrates |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Forb |
Stinkweed; mad apple; jamestown weed; thornapple |
Johnsongrass |
Sorghum halepense |
Ataxia; Cardiac |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Grass |
Within minutes |
Kentucky coffee tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky mahogany, nicker, stump, American coffee tree |
Kentucky mahogany tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky/American coffee tree; nicker tree; stump tree |
Klamath weed |
Hypericum perforatum |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Naphthodianthron; Hypericin |
Forb |
St. Johnswort; goatweed? |
Kleingrass |
Panicum coloratum |
Liver Disease; Hepatitis |
Mycotoxin |
Grass |
Wet/humid conditions; not in hay; dew poisoning |
Kochia |
Kochia scoparia |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic; Nitrate |
Oxalates; Nitrates |
Forb |
Fireweed, summer cypress |
Lamb's tongue groundsel |
Senecio integerrimus |
Hepatotoxic |
PA |
Forb |
|
Lambsquarters |
Chenopodium album |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Lantana |
Lantana camara |
Liver damage; depression; neurological |
Lantadene |
Shrub |
Several spp.; entire plant |
Large bullwort |
Ammi majus |
Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Bishop's weed |
Larkspur |
Delphinium spp |
Colic; Respiratory Paralysis; Death |
Aconitin; Esters; Nitrates |
Forb |
Delphinium; poison weed; 80 spp?; young plants
especially |
Laurel |
Kalmia spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Depression; Ataxia |
Alkaloids; Arbutin |
Shrub |
Several spp.; leaves especially toxic |
Leafy spurge |
Euphorbia esula |
Photosensitivity; Colic/Diarrhea |
Latex |
Forb |
Especially light-colored horses |
Lily of the valley |
Convallaria majalis |
Sudden Death; Cardiac; Gastric |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Under 24 hours |
Littleleaf horsebrush |
Tetradymia glabrata |
Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
|
Locoweed |
Astragalus; Oxytropis spp |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Forb |
Sandbur |
Lucky nut tree |
Thevetia thevetiodes |
Colic/Diarrhea; Sudden Death |
Glycosides |
Tree |
Be-still; yellow oleander |
Lupine |
Lupinus spp |
Teratogenic; Fetal |
Alkaloids; Slaframine |
Forb |
Young & bolting more toxic |
Mad apple |
Datura stramonium |
Cardiac; Coma; Death |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Stinkweed; jimsonweed; Jamestown weed; thornapple |
Maleberry |
Lyonia ligustrina |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia; Depression |
Arbutin |
Shrub |
|
Mallows |
Malvaceae spp |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
Several spp. |
Marestail |
Equisetum spp |
Neurological |
Thiaminase; Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Marijuana |
Cannabis sativa |
Neurotoxin |
60 Compounds; THC |
Forb |
Hemp |
Marsh marigold |
Caltha palustris |
GI Irritant; Colic/Diarrhea |
Protoanemonin |
Forb |
|
Matchweed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Shrub |
Broomweed; turpentine weed; snakeweed; broom snakeweed |
Mayapple |
Podophyllum peltatum |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory; Neuro |
Podophyllotoxin |
Forb |
|
Meadow saffron |
Colchicum autumnale |
Teratogenic; Fetal |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Autumn crocus |
Medusahead rye |
Taentherum asperum |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Mesquite |
Prosopis glandulosa |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical Impaction |
Tree |
Fruits only; honey mesquite |
Milkvetch |
Astragalus spp |
Teratogenic; ataxia; neuro; weakness |
Neurotoxin; Se |
Forb |
Hoof abnormalities; wasting disease; several spp. |
Milkweeds |
Asclepias spp |
Cardiac; Sudden Death; Colic |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Under 24 hours; several spp. |
Mistletoe |
Phoradendron & Viscum spp. |
Colic, Diarrhea, Sudden Death |
Glycoproteins |
Shrub |
Several spp. |
Monkshood |
Aconitum columbianum |
See Nitrate List; Gastric; Neurological |
Nitrates; Alkaloids |
Forb |
Aconite |
Morning glory |
Convolvulus arvensis |
Colic/Diarrhea; Cardiac |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Forb |
Field bindweed |
Mountain laurel |
Kalmia latifolia |
Colic/Diarrhea; Cardiac |
Andromedotoxin |
Shrub |
|
Mountain mahogany |
Cercocarpus spp. |
Cardiac |
Cyanide |
Tree |
|
Mountain fetterbush |
Pieris spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Acetylandromedol; Grayanotoxins |
Shrub |
Needles in particular |
Narcissus |
Narcissus spp. |
Gastric/mouth, Dermatitis |
Alkaloids; Narcissine |
Forb |
Daffodils |
Needlegrass |
Stipa spp |
Mouth/Gastric System |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Nicker tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky coffee/mahogany, American coffee, stump trees |
Oak |
Quercus breviloba |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Tannic Acid/Gallotannins |
Tree |
Young leaves; bark; acorns; seasonal; picas |
Ohio buckeye |
Aesculus glabra |
GI Irritant, Hemolysis |
Aesculin |
Tree |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Oleander |
Nerium oleander |
Sudden Cardiac Death; Colic/Diarrhea |
Cardiac Glycosides |
Shrub |
Highly toxic |
Onion, domestic |
Allium spp |
Anemia; Weakness |
Alcylsulfides; Disulfides |
Forb |
In large quantities |
Perennial ryegrass |
Lolium perenne |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Photosensitizing Agent |
Grass |
|
Periwinkle |
Vinca rosea |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Shrub |
|
Persimmon |
Diospyros virginiana |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical |
Tree |
Fruits only |
Philodendron |
Philodendron spp |
Mouth, GI Tract, Respiratory, Death |
Oxalates |
Browse |
|
Pigweed |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
See Lists for Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates; Oxalates |
Forb |
Redroot pigweed; drought increases toxicity; oxalate
list? |
Pincherry |
Prunus pensylvanica |
Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
Drought increases toxicity |
Pingue |
Hymenoxys richardsonii |
GI Irritant; Photosensitization |
Sesquiterpene |
Forb |
Colorado rubberweed; rubberweed; bitterweed |
Poinsettia |
Euphorbia pulcherrima |
Gastric; Dermatitis; See Nitrate List |
Latex, Euphorbin, Nitrates |
Shrub |
|
Poison hemlock |
Conium maculatum |
Death; Teratogenic |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
All parts toxic; not in hay; chasing green in spring;
2-3 hours |
Poison ivy |
Toxicodendron radicans |
Gastrointestinal, Dermatitis |
Urushiol, Catechols |
Forb |
|
Pokeweed |
Phytolacca americana |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Phytolaccatoxin |
Forb |
Entire plant toxic |
Ponderosa pine |
Pinus ponderosa |
Abortive |
Isocuppressic acid |
Tree |
|
Poppies |
Papaver spp. |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Porcupine grass |
Miscanthus sinensis |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Potato |
Solanum tuberosum |
Colic/Diarrhea; Weakness |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
|
Prairie sagewort |
Artemisia frigida |
Neurological |
Neurotoxin |
Shrub |
Fringed sage |
Prairie three-awn |
Aristida oligantha |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Prickly pear |
Opuntia spp. |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Shrub |
|
Prince's plume |
Stanleya pinnata |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
|
Privets |
Ligustrum vulgare |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Glycosides; Iridoid |
Shrub |
Entire plant |
Puncture vine |
Tribulus terrestris |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Forb |
|
Purple foxglove |
Digitalis purpurea |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Forb |
Foxglove |
Purple locoweed |
Oxytropis lambertii |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Purple mint |
Perilla frutescens |
Respiratory |
Ketones |
Forb |
|
Ragweed |
Ambrosia artemesiafolia |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Rattlebox |
Crotalaria spp |
Weight loss; hepatotoxic; chronic |
PA |
Shrub |
Rattlepod |
Rattlepod |
Crotalaria spp |
Weight loss; hepatotoxic; chronic |
PA |
Shrub |
Rattlebox |
Red baneberry |
Actaea rubra |
Respiratory; Cardiac |
Glycoside |
Forb |
Cohosh |
Red buckeye |
Aesculus pavia |
GI Irritant; Muscle Weakness; Coma |
Glycosides |
Tree |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Red clover |
Trifolium pratense |
Skin; Liver |
Mycotoxin |
Forb |
|
Red maple |
Acer rubrum |
Anemia; Arrythmia; Weakness |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Red X silver hybrids may be toxic; small amounts; dried
only |
Redroot pigweed |
Amaranthus spp |
See Lists for Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates; Oxalates |
Forb |
Pigweed; drought increases toxicity; oxalate list? |
Reed canarygrass |
Phalaris arundinacea |
Muscular Weakness; Collapse |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
|
Resinweed |
Grindelia squarrosa |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
Curlycup gumweed |
Rhododendron |
Rhododendron spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Tremors; Respiratory |
Cyanide; Ursol Acid |
Shrub |
Also toxic when dried; azalea. |
Rhubarb |
Rheum rhaponticum |
Gastrointestinal; Cardiovascular |
Oxalates |
Forb |
Leaves |
Richweed |
Ageratina altissima |
Muscular; Ataxia; Swallowing |
Tremetol |
Forb |
White snakeroot |
Riddell's ragwort |
Senecio riddellii |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness; Chronic |
PA |
Forb |
|
Rock maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Rosary pea |
Abrus precatorius |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia |
Lectin |
Browse |
See castor bean |
Rubberweed |
Hymenoxys richardsonii |
GI Irritant; Photosensitization |
Sesquiterpene |
Forb |
Colorado rubberweed; pingue |
Russian knapweed |
Acroptilon repens |
Chewing Disease |
Sesquiterpene; Another Unknown |
Forb |
Same toxin as starthistle; no cure/recovery |
Russian thistle |
Salsola iberica |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Sagebrush |
Artemesia spp |
Neurological |
Monoterpenes |
Forb |
|
Saltbush |
Atriplex spp |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Forb |
|
Sand sage |
Artemesia filifolia |
Neurological; Ataxia |
Volatile Oils |
Forb |
Sage sickness |
Sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Forb |
Longspine sandbur |
Scarlet pimpernel |
Anagallis arvensis |
Mouth; Staggering; Ataxia |
Terpenoid; Glycoside |
Forb |
|
Scotchbroom |
Cytisus scoparius |
Gastrointestinal; Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Entire plant |
Scouring rush |
Equisetum arvense |
Neurological; Ataxia; Blindness |
Alkaloids; Thiaminase |
Forb |
Horsetails; snakegrass; all parts toxic; B1 may help |
Sienna weed |
Cassia occidentalis |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia; Weakness |
Anthraquinone |
Forb |
Coffee weed |
Sensitive fern |
Onoclea sensibilis |
Neurological; Ataxia |
Thiaminase |
Forb |
|
Service berry |
Amelanchier alnifolia |
Death; Ataxia; Heart |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
Death within minutes is possible |
Shamrock |
Oxalis spp |
KIdney; Diarrhea/Colic |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Shepherd's purse |
Capsella bursa-pastoris |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Deformed foals |
Shinnery oak |
Quercus havardii |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Tannic Acid |
Tree |
Shin oak; tannins in young leaves; bark; acorns |
Silver maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Silverleaf nightshade |
Solanum elaeagnifolium |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
|
Skunk cabbage |
Symplocarpus foetidus |
Cardiovascular; Shock |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Smartweed |
Polygonum spp |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates; Saponin |
Forb |
Entire plant |
Snakegrass |
Equisetum arvense; spp |
Ataxia; Neurological; Blindness |
Alkaloids; Thiaminase |
Forb |
Horsetails; scouring rush; all parts toxic; B1 may help |
Snakeweed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
Turpentine weed; broom snakeweed; matchweed |
Sneezeweed |
Helenium hoopesii |
GI Irritant |
Sesquiterpene Lactone |
Forb |
Bitter sneezeweed |
Snow on the mountain |
Euphorbia marginata |
Mouth/GI; Diarrhea |
Esters |
Forb |
|
Soapwort |
Saponaria officinalis |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Depression |
Saponin |
Forb |
Bouncing Bet |
Soft maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Sophia |
Descurainia sophia |
Deformed Foals |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Flixweed, tansy mustard |
Sorghum |
Sorghum spp. |
Cardiac; See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Cyanogenic Glycosides; Nitrates |
Grass |
20 spp.; when stressed/drought; sudan grass |
Sorrel |
Oxalis & Rumes spp. |
Kidney; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Soursob |
Oxalis spp |
Kidney; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Southern goldenbush |
Haplopappus heterophyllus |
Neurological; Muscle; Ataxia |
Tremetol |
Shrub |
Jimmy weed; trembles |
Spineless horsebrush |
Tetradymia canescens |
Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
|
Spiny cocklebur |
Xanthium spinosum |
Mouth/GI, Hepatotoxic |
Glycosides; Physical |
Forb |
|
Spotted cowbane |
Pastinaca sativa |
Colic/Diarrhea; Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Wild parsnip |
Spotted locoweed |
Astragalus spp |
Teratogenic; Neurological; Death |
Swainsonine |
Forb |
|
Spring parsley |
Cymopterus watsonii |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Photodermatitis |
Squirrel corn |
Dicentra cucullaria |
Trembling; Diarrhea; Convulsions |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Dutchman's breeches; bleeding heart family |
Squirreltail |
Sitanion hystrix |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
Elymus elymoides |
St. Johnswort |
Hypericum perforatum |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Naphthodianthron; Hypericin |
Forb |
Klamath weed; entire skin loss |
Staggergrass |
Amanthium muscaetoxicum |
Respiratory; Weakness; Death |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
|
Star of Bethlehem |
Ornithogalum umbellatum |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Depression |
Saponin |
Forb |
Entire plant |
Stickseed |
Hackelia & Trichodesma spp. |
Weight Loss; Hepatotoxic; Chronic |
PA |
Forb |
|
Stinging nettle |
Urtica dioica |
Mouth/GI; See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Physical; Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Stinkweed |
Datura stramonium |
Teratogenic; Cardiac; Death |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Jimsonweed; mad apple; jamestown weed; thornapple |
Stump tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky mahogany/coffee, American coffee, nicker trees |
Sudan grass |
Sorghum bicolor |
Death; Ataxia; Teratogenic; Paralysis |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Grass |
Drought & freeze increase toxicity |
Sugar maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Summer cypress |
Kochia scoparia |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic; Nitrate |
Oxalates; Nitrates |
Forb |
Fireweed; kochia |
Summer pheasant's eye |
Adonis aestivalis |
Cardiac; Colic |
Adonidine |
Forb |
|
Sweet bubby |
Calycanthus floridus |
Tetany; Convulsions; Neurological |
Calycanthin; Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Sweet shrub |
Sweetshrub |
Calycanthus floridus |
Tetany; Convulsions; Neurological |
Calycanthin; Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Sweet bubby |
Tall big sagebrush |
Artemisia tridentata |
Neurologic |
Volatile Oils |
Shrub |
|
Tall fescue |
Festuca arundinacea |
Abortion; Malformed Fetus |
Endophytic Fungus; Alkaloids |
Grass |
|
Tanglehead |
Heteropogon contortus |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Tansy mustard |
Descurainia sophia |
Deformed Foals |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Flixweed, sophia |
Tansy ragwort |
Senecio jacobaea |
Hepatotoxic; Neurological |
PA |
Forb |
Maintains toxicity in hay; equines highly susceptible |
Tarweed |
Amsinckia intermedia |
Hepatotoxic; Weight Loss |
PA |
Forb |
Fiddleneck |
Thornapple |
Datura stramonium |
Teratogenic |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Jimson weed; Jamestown weed; stinkweed; mad apple |
Threadleaf groundsel |
Senecio douglasii |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness |
PA |
Shrub |
Woolly groundsel |
Three-awn grasses |
Aristida spp. |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Tobacco |
Nicotiana glauca |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Tomato |
Lycopersicon spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Weakness |
Hyoscine |
Forb |
|
Tulip |
Tulipia spp |
Dermatitis; Weakness; Respiratory |
Tuliposide |
Forb |
|
Tumble mustard |
Sysymbrium altissimum |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Turpentine weed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
Broom snakeweed; snakeweed; matchweed |
Two-grooved milkvetch |
Astragalus bisculatus |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Forb |
Freeze |
Viper's bugloss |
Echium vulgare |
Liver Fibrosis/Failure |
PA |
Forb |
Seeds in particular |
Water hemlock |
Cicuta douglasii |
Tremors; Convulsions; Death |
Cicutoxin |
Forb |
Western water hemlock; single mouthful; death in minutes |
Western brackenfern |
Pteridium aquilinum |
Thiamin Deficiency |
Thiaminase; Filicin |
Browse |
Bracken fern; all parts poisonous |
Western chokecherry |
Prunus spp |
Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
|
Western false hellebore |
Veratrum californicum |
Fetal Damage |
Steroid (Alkaloids) |
Forb |
False hellebore; corn lily |
Western water hemlock |
Cicuta douglasii |
Tremors; Convulsions/ Death |
Cicutoxin |
Forb |
Water hemlock; single mouthful; death in minutes |
White bryony |
Bryonia cretica |
Sweating; Diuresis; Convulsions |
Lectine; Polyhydroxic Acids |
Browse |
Berries; sap; roots; worse when dried |
White locoweed |
Oxytropis sericea |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
White maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
|
White prairie aster |
Aster falcatus |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Forb |
|
White snakeroot |
Ageratina altissima |
Muscular; Ataxia; Swallowing |
Tremetol |
Forb |
Richweed |
White sweet clover |
Melilotus alba |
Anemia; Hemorrhage; Weakness |
Prussic Acid; Dicoumarol |
Forb |
When spoiled; in haylage |
Wild blue flax |
Linum lewisii |
Ataxia; Cardiac |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Death may occur within minutes |
Wild cherry |
Prunus serotina |
Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
|
Wild iris |
Iris missouriensis |
GI Irritant; Diarrhea; Dermatitis |
Irisine |
Forb |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Wild jasmine |
Cestrum diurnum |
Calcinosis; Lameness/Weakness |
Hyoscine |
Tree |
Jessamines |
Wild mustard |
Sinapis arvensis |
Salivation; Collapse; Death |
Glucosinolates |
Forb |
|
Wild oat grass |
Avena fatua |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Grass |
Wild oats |
Wild onion |
Allium spp |
Anemia; Weakness |
Alcylsulfides; Disulfides |
Forb |
|
Wild parsnip |
Pastinaca sativa |
Colic/Diarrhea; Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Spotted cowbane |
Wild pea |
Lathyrus latifolius |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Browse |
|
Wild tree tobacco |
Nicotiana glauca |
Fetal Damage |
Teratogens |
Tree |
|
Wiregrass |
Eleusine indica |
Gastric Distress |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
Goosegrass |
Woody aster |
Xylorhiza glabriscula |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
|
Woolly groundsel |
Senecio douglasii |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness; Chronic |
PA |
Shrub |
Threadleaf groundsel |
Woolly locoweed |
Astragalus mollismus |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Yellow bristlegrass |
Setaria pumila |
Mouth/GI; Foam/Drool |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Yellow buckeye |
Aesculus octandra |
GI Irritant; Hemolysis |
Aesculin |
Tree |
|
Yellow oleander |
Thevetia peruviana |
Colic/Diarrhea; Sudden Death |
Glycosides |
Shrub |
Be-still; lucky nut tree |
Yellow starthistle |
Centaurea solstitialis |
Chewing Disease |
Alkaloids; Sesquiterpenes |
Forb |
Russian knapweed; no recovery; addictive |
Yellow sweet clover |
Melilotus officinalis |
Anemia; Hemorrhage; Weakness |
Dicoumarol |
Forb |
Only when spoiled and in haylage |
Yellow toadflax |
Linarea vulgaris |
Gastric System |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Butter and eggs |
Yew |
Taxus spp |
Sudden Death; Neurological; Cardiac |
Taxin (Alkaloid); Cyanogens |
Shrub |
All parts except berries; single mouthful deadly; within
hours |
Scientific Name |
Common Name |
Area Affected |
Toxin (If Known) |
Type |
Comments; Regional Names |
Abrus precatorius |
Rosary pea |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia |
Lectin |
Browse |
See castor bean |
Acacia & Robinia spp. |
Acacia |
Gastric & Nervous Systems |
Glycosides; Phytotoxin |
Tree |
False acacia; black locust |
Acer rubrum |
Red maple |
Anemia; Arrythmia; Weakness |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Red X silver hybrids may be toxic; small amounts; dried
only |
Acer spp. |
Hard maple |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Acer spp. |
Rock maple |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Acer spp. |
Silver maple |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Acer spp. |
Soft maple |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Acer spp. |
Sugar maple |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Acer spp. |
White maple |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
|
Aconitum columbianum |
Aconite |
Gastric; Colic |
Alkaloid Aconitine |
Forb |
Monkshood; not toxic when dried; used in homeopathy |
Aconitum columbianum |
Monkshood |
See Nitrate List; Gastric; Neurological |
Nitrates; Alkaloids |
Forb |
Aconite |
Acroptilon repens |
Russian knapweed |
Chewing Disease |
Sesquiterpene; Another Unknown |
Forb |
Same toxin as starthistle; no cure/recovery |
Actaea rubra |
Cohosh |
Respiratory; Cardiac |
Glycoside |
Forb |
Red baneberry |
Actaea rubra |
Red baneberry |
Respiratory; Cardiac |
Glycoside |
Forb |
Cohosh |
Adonis aestivalis |
Summer pheasant's eye |
Cardiac; Colic |
Adonidine |
Forb |
|
Aesculus californica |
California buckeye |
GI Irritant |
Saponin; Aesculen |
Tree |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Aesculus glabra |
Ohio buckeye |
GI Irritant, Hemolysis |
Aesculin |
Tree |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Aesculus hippocastanum |
Buckeye |
Neurologic; Weakness; Trembling |
Saponin |
Tree |
All parts toxic; horse chestnut |
Aesculus hippocastanum |
Horse chestnut |
Muscles; Ataxia |
Saponin; Aesculen |
Tree |
All parts toxic; buckeye |
Aesculus octandra |
Yellow buckeye |
GI Irritant; Hemolysis |
Aesculin |
Tree |
|
Aesculus pavia |
Red buckeye |
GI Irritant; Muscle Weakness; Coma |
Glycosides |
Tree |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Ageratina adenophora |
Crofton weed |
Ataxia; Muscular |
Tremetol |
Forb |
Eupatorium adenophorum |
Ageratina altissima |
Richweed |
Muscular; Ataxia; Swallowing |
Tremetol |
Forb |
White snakeroot |
Ageratina altissima |
White snakeroot |
Muscular; Ataxia; Swallowing |
Tremetol |
Forb |
Richweed |
Agrostemma githago |
Corn cockle |
Muscles; ataxia |
Saponin |
Forb |
Seeds in particular |
Allium spp |
Onion, domestic |
Anemia; Weakness |
Alcylsulfides; Disulfides |
Forb |
In large quantities |
Allium spp |
Wild onion |
Anemia; Weakness |
Alcylsulfides; Disulfides |
Forb |
|
Amanthium muscaetoxicum |
Staggergrass |
Respiratory; Weakness; Death |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
|
Amaranthus retroflexus |
Pigweed |
See Lists for Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates; Oxalates |
Forb |
Redroot pigweed; drought increases toxicity; oxalate
list? |
Amaranthus spp |
Redroot pigweed |
See Lists for Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates; Oxalates |
Forb |
Pigweed; drought increases toxicity; oxalate list? |
Ambrosia artemesiafolia |
Ragweed |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Amelanchier alnifolia |
Service berry |
Death; Ataxia; Heart |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
Death within minutes is possible |
Ammi majus |
Bishop's weed |
Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Large bullwort |
Ammi majus |
Large bullwort |
Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Bishop's weed |
Amsinckia intermedia |
Tarweed |
Hepatotoxic; Weight Loss |
PA |
Forb |
Fiddleneck |
Amsinckia menziesii |
Fiddleneck |
Hepatotoxic; Weight Loss |
PA; Nitrates |
Forb |
Tarweed; see list for nitrate toxicosis |
Anagallis arvensis |
Scarlet pimpernel |
Mouth; Staggering; Ataxia |
Terpenoid; Glycoside |
Forb |
|
Apocynum cannabinum |
Dogbane |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Cardiac Glycosides |
Forb |
Hemp dogbane; Indian hemp; under 24 hours |
Apocynum cannabinum |
Hemp dogbane |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Cardiac/Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Forb |
Dogbane; Indian hemp; all parts toxic |
Apocynum cannabinum |
Indian hemp |
Cardiac; Sudden Death; Colic |
Cardiac Glycosides |
Forb |
Dogbane; hemp dogbane; under 24 hours |
Arctium minus |
Burdock |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Forb |
|
Arisaema triphyllum |
Jack-in-the-Pulpit |
Lips/Mouth/Tongue; Salivation |
Oxalates |
Forb |
Several spp. |
Aristida oligantha |
Prairie three-awn |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Aristida spp. |
Three-awn grasses |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Artemesia filifolia |
Sand sage |
Neurological; Ataxia |
Volatile Oils |
Forb |
Sage sickness |
Artemesia spinescens |
Budsage |
Neurological |
Possibly monoterpenes |
Shrub |
|
Artemesia spp |
Sagebrush |
Neurological |
Monoterpenes |
Forb |
|
Artemisia frigida |
Fringed sage |
Neurological |
Neurotoxin |
Shrub |
Prairie sagewort |
Artemisia frigida |
Prairie sagewort |
Neurological |
Neurotoxin |
Shrub |
Fringed sage |
Artemisia tridentata |
Tall big sagebrush |
Neurologic |
Volatile Oils |
Shrub |
|
Asclepias spp |
Milkweeds |
Cardiac; Sudden Death; Colic |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Under 24 hours; several spp. |
Aster falcatus |
White prairie aster |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Forb |
|
Astragalus bisculatus |
Two-grooved milkvetch |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Forb |
Freeze |
Astragalus lentiginosus |
Freckled milkvetch |
Neurological |
Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Astragalus mollismus |
Woolly locoweed |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Astragalus spp |
European milkvetch |
Fetal Damage |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Astragalus spp |
Milkvetch |
Teratogenic; ataxia; neuro; weakness |
Neurotoxin; Se |
Forb |
Hoof abnormalities; wasting disease; several spp. |
Astragalus spp |
Spotted locoweed |
Teratogenic; Neurological; Death |
Swainsonine |
Forb |
|
Astragalus; Oxytropis spp |
Locoweed |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Atriplex spp |
Saltbush |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Forb |
|
Avena fatua |
Wild oat grass |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Grass |
Wild oats |
Berteroa incana |
Hoary alyssum |
GI; Founder; Laminitis; Edema |
Unknown |
Forb |
|
Blighia sapida |
Akee |
Teratogenic; Fetal |
Teratogens |
Tree |
|
Brassica rapa |
Field mustard |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Anorexia |
Glucosinolates |
Forb |
|
Bromus tectorum |
Cheatgrass |
Mouth/Digestive Tract |
Physical |
Grass |
Downy brome |
Bromus tectorum |
Downy brome |
Mouth/Digestive Tract |
Physical |
Grass |
Cheatgrass |
Bryonia cretica |
White bryony |
Sweating; Diuresis; Convulsions |
Lectine; Polyhydroxic Acids |
Browse |
Berries; sap; roots; worse when dried |
Buxus spp. |
Boxwood |
Neurologic; Colic; Respiratory |
Cyclobuxin (Alkaloid) |
Shrub |
All plant parts toxic |
Caltha palustris |
Marsh marigold |
GI Irritant; Colic/Diarrhea |
Protoanemonin |
Forb |
|
Calycanthus floridus |
Sweet bubby |
Tetany; Convulsions; Neurological |
Calycanthin; Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Sweet shrub |
Calycanthus floridus |
Sweetshrub |
Tetany; Convulsions; Neurological |
Calycanthin; Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Sweet bubby |
Cannabis sativa |
Hemp |
Neurotoxin |
60 Compounds |
Forb |
Marijuana |
Cannabis sativa |
Marijuana |
Neurotoxin |
60 Compounds; THC |
Forb |
Hemp |
Capsella bursa-pastoris |
Shepherd's purse |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Deformed foals |
Cassia occidentalis |
Coffee weed |
Lameness; Muscle Weakness |
Anthraquinone |
Forb |
Sienna weed |
Cassia occidentalis |
Sienna weed |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia; Weakness |
Anthraquinone |
Forb |
Coffee weed |
Castilleja linariaefolia |
Indian paintbrush |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Celastrus scandens |
Climbing bittersweet |
Neurological; Gastric |
Solanine |
Browse |
Nightshades |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Longspine sandbur |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Forb |
Sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Sandbur |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Forb |
Longspine sandbur |
Centaurea solstitialis |
Yellow starthistle |
Chewing Disease |
Alkaloids; Sesquiterpenes |
Forb |
Russian knapweed; no recovery; addictive |
Cephalanthus occidentalis |
Button bush |
Gastrointestinal |
Glycosides |
Shrub |
|
Cercocarpus spp. |
Mountain mahogany |
Cardiac |
Cyanide |
Tree |
|
Cestrum diurnum |
Jessamine, day blooming |
Calcinosis; Lameness/Weakness |
Hyoscine |
Tree |
Wild jasmine |
Cestrum diurnum |
Wild jasmine |
Calcinosis; Lameness/Weakness |
Hyoscine |
Tree |
Jessamines |
Cestrum nocturnum |
Jessamine, night blooming |
Lameness/Muscle Weakness |
Atropine-like Alkaloids |
Tree |
|
Chenopodium album |
Lambsquarters |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Chorispora tenella |
Blue mustard |
Deformed Foals |
Glucosinolates |
Forb |
|
Cicuta douglasii |
Water hemlock |
Tremors; Convulsions; Death |
Cicutoxin |
Forb |
Western water hemlock; single mouthful; death in minutes |
Cicuta douglasii |
Western water hemlock |
Tremors; Convulsions/ Death |
Cicutoxin |
Forb |
Water hemlock; single mouthful; death in minutes |
Cirsium arvense |
Canada thistle |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Cirsium vulgare |
Bull thistle |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Clematis spp. |
Clematis |
Colic/Diarrhea; Neurotoxic |
Protoanemonin (Alkaloid) |
Browse |
All plant parts |
Colchicum autumnale |
Autumn crocus |
Teratogenic; Fetal; Neurologic |
Teratogens |
Browse |
Meadow saffron |
Colchicum autumnale |
Meadow saffron |
Teratogenic; Fetal |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Autumn crocus |
Comandra pallida |
Bastard toadflax |
|
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Conium maculatum |
European hemlock |
Death; Teratogenic |
Teratogens; Alkaloids |
Forb |
Spotted/poison hemlocks; 2-3 hours |
Conium maculatum |
Poison hemlock |
Death; Teratogenic |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
All parts toxic; not in hay; chasing green in spring;
2-3 hours |
Convallaria majalis |
Lily of the valley |
Sudden Death; Cardiac; Gastric |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Under 24 hours |
Convolvulus arvensis |
Field bindweed |
Colic/Diarrhea; Cardiac |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Forb |
Morning glory; see list for nitrate toxicosis |
Convolvulus arvensis |
Morning glory |
Colic/Diarrhea; Cardiac |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Forb |
Field bindweed |
Coronella varia |
Crown vetch |
Weight loss; Abnormal behavior |
Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Corydalis spp. |
Fumewort |
Convulsions; Staggers; Collapse |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Several species are included. |
Crataegus crusgalli |
Hawthorn |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical |
Tree |
Cockspur; fruits |
Crataegus crus-galli |
Cockspur |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Physical impaction |
Tree |
Hawthorn; cockspur hawthorn; fruits toxic |
Crotalaria spp |
Rattlebox |
Weight loss; hepatotoxic; chronic |
PA |
Shrub |
Rattlepod |
Crotalaria spp |
Rattlepod |
Weight loss; hepatotoxic; chronic |
PA |
Shrub |
Rattlebox |
Cymopterus watsonii |
Spring parsley |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Photodermatitis |
Cynodon dactylon |
Bermuda grass |
Gastric System |
May have ergot |
Grass |
|
Cynoglossum officinale |
Houndstongue |
Liver; Weight Loss |
Hepatotoxin/PA |
Forb |
All stages of plant; liver failure |
Cytisus scoparius |
Scotchbroom |
Gastrointestinal; Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Entire plant |
Datura stramonium |
Jamestown weed |
Cardiac; Coma; Death |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Stinkweed; mad apple; jimson weed; thornapple |
Datura stramonium |
Jimson weed |
Teratogenic; Neurological; See Nitrates |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Forb |
Stinkweed; mad apple; jamestown weed; thornapple |
Datura stramonium |
Mad apple |
Cardiac; Coma; Death |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Stinkweed; jimsonweed; Jamestown weed; thornapple |
Datura stramonium |
Stinkweed |
Teratogenic; Cardiac; Death |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Jimsonweed; mad apple; jamestown weed; thornapple |
Datura stramonium |
Thornapple |
Teratogenic |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Jimson weed; Jamestown weed; stinkweed; mad apple |
Delphinium spp |
Delphinium |
Paralysis; Respiratory |
Aconitin (Alkaloid); Nitrates |
Forb |
Larkspur |
Delphinium spp |
Larkspur |
Colic; Respiratory Paralysis; Death |
Aconitin; Esters; Nitrates |
Forb |
Delphinium; poison weed; 80 spp?; young plants
especially |
Descurainia sophia |
Flixweed |
Deformed Foals |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Sophia, tansy mustard |
Descurainia sophia |
Sophia |
Deformed Foals |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Flixweed, tansy mustard |
Descurainia sophia |
Tansy mustard |
Deformed Foals |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Flixweed, sophia |
Dicentra cucullaria |
Dutchman's breeches |
Trembling; Diarrhea; Convulsions |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Squirrel corn; bleeding heart family |
Dicentra cucullaria |
Squirrel corn |
Trembling; Diarrhea; Convulsions |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Dutchman's breeches; bleeding heart family |
Dicentra spectabilis; formosa |
Bleeding heart |
Convulsions; weakness; staggering |
Alkaloids; Isoquinoline |
Forb |
Dutchman's breeches |
Digitalis purpurea |
Foxglove |
Cardiac; Gastric; Sudden Death |
Glycosides; saponins |
Forb |
Purple Foxglove; under 24 hours |
Digitalis purpurea |
Purple foxglove |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Forb |
Foxglove |
Diospyros virginiana |
Persimmon |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical |
Tree |
Fruits only |
Echium vulgare |
Viper's bugloss |
Liver Fibrosis/Failure |
PA |
Forb |
Seeds in particular |
Eleusine indica |
Goosegrass |
Gastric Distress |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
Wiregrass |
Eleusine indica |
Wiregrass |
Gastric Distress |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
Goosegrass |
Equisetum arvense |
Scouring rush |
Neurological; Ataxia; Blindness |
Alkaloids; Thiaminase |
Forb |
Horsetails; snakegrass; all parts toxic; B1 may help |
Equisetum arvense; spp |
Snakegrass |
Ataxia; Neurological; Blindness |
Alkaloids; Thiaminase |
Forb |
Horsetails; scouring rush; all parts toxic; B1 may help |
Equisetum spp |
Marestail |
Neurological |
Thiaminase; Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Equisetum spp. |
Horsetails |
Weakness; Stumbling; Arrhythmia |
Aconitic Acid |
Forb |
Snakegrass; scouring rush; all parts toxic; B1 may help |
Euphorbia esula |
Leafy spurge |
Photosensitivity; Colic/Diarrhea |
Latex |
Forb |
Especially light-colored horses |
Euphorbia marginata |
Snow on the mountain |
Mouth/GI; Diarrhea |
Esters |
Forb |
|
Euphorbia milii |
Christplant |
Skin Irritations; Mouth/GI |
Latex |
Shrub |
Crown of thorns |
Euphorbia milii |
Crown of thorns |
Skin Irritations; Mouth/GI |
Latex |
Shrub |
Christplant |
Euphorbia pulcherrima |
Poinsettia |
Gastric; Dermatitis; See Nitrate List |
Latex, Euphorbin, Nitrates |
Shrub |
|
Fagopyrum esculentum |
Buckwheat |
Photosensitization |
Fagopyrin |
Forb |
|
Festuca arundinacea |
Tall fescue |
Abortion; Malformed Fetus |
Endophytic Fungus; Alkaloids |
Grass |
|
Gelsemium sempervirens |
Carolina jessamine |
Gastric; Weakness; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Evening trumpetflower, false jessamine |
Gelsemium sempervirens |
Evening trumpetflower |
Gastric; Weakness; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Carolina jessamine, false jessamine |
Gelsemium sempervirens |
Jessamine, false |
Gastric; Weakness; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
|
Glechoma hederacea |
Creeping charlie |
Respiratory; Sweating |
Glechomin |
Forb |
Ground ivy; all parts when fresh; not in stored hay |
Glechoma hederacea |
Ground ivy |
Respiratory; Sweating |
Glechomin |
Forb |
Creeping charlie; all parts when fresh; not in stored
hay |
Grindelia squarrosa |
Curlycup gumweed |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
Resinweed; gumweed |
Grindelia squarrosa |
Gumweed |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Shrub |
Curlycup gumweed; resinweed |
Grindelia squarrosa |
Resinweed |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
Curlycup gumweed |
Gutierrezia microcephala |
Broomweed |
Abortion; See List For Se Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
Broom snakeweed |
Se List; Abort/Repro |
Se Accumulator; Terpenes |
Shrub |
Turpentine weed; snakeweed; matchweed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
Matchweed |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Shrub |
Broomweed; turpentine weed; snakeweed; broom snakeweed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
Snakeweed |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
Turpentine weed; broom snakeweed; matchweed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
Turpentine weed |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
Broom snakeweed; snakeweed; matchweed |
Gymnocladius dioica |
American coffee berry |
Gastric; Diarrhea; Death |
Alkaloid Cytisine |
Tree |
Kentucky mahogany/coffee tree; nicker tree; stump tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Kentucky coffee tree |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky mahogany, nicker, stump, American coffee tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Kentucky mahogany tree |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky/American coffee tree; nicker tree; stump tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Nicker tree |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky coffee/mahogany, American coffee, stump trees |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Stump tree |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky mahogany/coffee, American coffee, nicker trees |
Hackelia & Trichodesma spp. |
Stickseed |
Weight Loss; Hepatotoxic; Chronic |
PA |
Forb |
|
Halogeton glomeratus |
Halogeton |
Kidney; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Haplopappus engelmannii |
Golden weed |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
|
Haplopappus heterophyllus |
Jimmy weed |
Neurological; Muscle; Ataxia |
Tremetol |
Shrub |
Southern goldenbush; trembles |
Haplopappus heterophyllus |
Southern goldenbush |
Neurological; Muscle; Ataxia |
Tremetol |
Shrub |
Jimmy weed; trembles |
Haplopappus tenuisecta |
Burrow weed |
Neurological; Ataxia; Muscular |
Tremetol |
Forb |
Trembles |
Hedera helix |
English ivy |
Gastric; Respiratory; Coma; Death |
Saponin |
Browse |
Entire plant |
Helenium hoopesii |
Bitter sneezeweed |
GI Irritant |
Sesquiterpene Lactone |
Forb |
Sneezeweed |
Helenium hoopesii |
Sneezeweed |
GI Irritant |
Sesquiterpene Lactone |
Forb |
Bitter sneezeweed |
Heliotropium arborescens |
Heliotrope |
Weight Loss; hepatotoxic |
Pyrrolizidin |
Forb |
Seeds in particular |
Heteropogon contortus |
Tanglehead |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Hordeum jubatum |
Foxtail barley |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Hyacinthus orientalis |
Hyacinth |
Diarrhea; Colic |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Garden hyacinth; foliage may cause dermatitis |
Hydrangea spp. |
Hydrangea |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Respiratory |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Shrub |
Several spp; entire plant toxic |
Hymenoxys odorata |
Bitterweed |
Mouth/GI Irritant |
Hymenoxen |
Forb |
|
Hymenoxys richardsonii |
Colorado rubberweed |
GI Irritant; Photosensitization |
Sesquiterpene |
Forb |
Rubberweed; pingue |
Hymenoxys richardsonii |
Pingue |
GI Irritant; Photosensitization |
Sesquiterpene |
Forb |
Colorado rubberweed; rubberweed; bitterweed |
Hymenoxys richardsonii |
Rubberweed |
GI Irritant; Photosensitization |
Sesquiterpene |
Forb |
Colorado rubberweed; pingue |
Hyoscyamus niger |
Black henbane |
Convulsions; Coma; Death |
Glycoalkaloids |
Forb |
|
Hypericum perforatum |
Klamath weed |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Naphthodianthron; Hypericin |
Forb |
St. Johnswort; goatweed? |
Hypericum perforatum |
St. Johnswort |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Naphthodianthron; Hypericin |
Forb |
Klamath weed; entire skin loss |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Cat's ears |
Possible stringhalt; Neurological |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Flatweed, false dandelion |
Hypochaeris radicata |
False dandelion |
Lameness |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Cat's ears, flatweed |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Flatweed |
Lameness |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Cat's ears, false dandelion |
Indigofera linnaei |
Birdsville indigo |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic |
Indospicine |
Forb |
|
Indigofera spicata |
Creeping/trailing indigo |
Teratogenic; Ataxia; Hepatotoxic |
Indospicine |
Forb |
Picas |
Ionicera periclymenum |
Honeysuckle |
Diarrhea; Lethargy |
|
Shrub |
Plants and berries |
Iris missouriensis |
Wild iris |
GI Irritant; Diarrhea; Dermatitis |
Irisine |
Forb |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Juglans nigra |
Black walnut |
Weakness; Laminitis; Dermatitis |
Unknown |
Tree |
|
Kalmia latifolia |
Mountain laurel |
Colic/Diarrhea; Cardiac |
Andromedotoxin |
Shrub |
|
Kalmia spp. |
Laurel |
Colic/Diarrhea; Depression; Ataxia |
Alkaloids; Arbutin |
Shrub |
Several spp.; leaves especially toxic |
Kochia scoparia |
Fireweed |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic; Nitrate |
Oxalates; Nitrates |
Forb |
Kochia; summer cypress |
Kochia scoparia |
Kochia |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic; Nitrate |
Oxalates; Nitrates |
Forb |
Fireweed, summer cypress |
Kochia scoparia |
Summer cypress |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic; Nitrate |
Oxalates; Nitrates |
Forb |
Fireweed; kochia |
Laburnum anagryroides |
Golden chain tree |
GI; Neuromuscular |
Alkaloids; Cytisine |
Tree |
Entire plant; seeds in particular |
Lantana camara |
Lantana |
Liver damage; depression; neurological |
Lantadene |
Shrub |
Several spp.; entire plant |
Lathyrus latifolius |
Wild pea |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Browse |
|
Lesquerella gordonii |
Bladderpod |
Diarrhea; Weakness; Death |
Saponins |
Shrub |
|
Ligustrum vulgare |
Privets |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Glycosides; Iridoid |
Shrub |
Entire plant |
Lilium longiflorum |
Easter lily |
Kidney; Gastric; Weakness |
Unidentified |
Forb |
|
Linarea vulgaris |
Butter and eggs |
Gastric System |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Yellow toadflax |
Linarea vulgaris |
Yellow toadflax |
Gastric System |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Butter and eggs |
Linum lewisii |
Wild blue flax |
Ataxia; Cardiac |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Death may occur within minutes |
Lolium perenne |
Perennial ryegrass |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Photosensitizing Agent |
Grass |
|
Lupinus spp |
Lupine |
Teratogenic; Fetal |
Alkaloids; Slaframine |
Forb |
Young & bolting more toxic |
Lycopersicon spp. |
Tomato |
Colic/Diarrhea; Weakness |
Hyoscine |
Forb |
|
Lyonia ligustrina |
Maleberry |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia; Depression |
Arbutin |
Shrub |
|
Taxus cuspidata |
Japanese yew |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Taxine (Alkaloid) |
Shrub |
All parts except berries; death within hours |
Malvaceae spp |
Mallows |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
Several spp. |
Medicago polymorpha |
Burr trefoil |
Photosensitization From Liver Failure |
Mimosine |
Forb |
|
Melia azedarach |
Chinaberry |
Gastric; Cardiac; Diarrhea |
Terpenes; unidentified |
Tree |
|
Melilotus alba |
White sweet clover |
Anemia; Hemorrhage; Weakness |
Prussic Acid; Dicoumarol |
Forb |
When spoiled; in haylage |
Melilotus officinalis |
Yellow sweet clover |
Anemia; Hemorrhage; Weakness |
Dicoumarol |
Forb |
Only when spoiled and in haylage |
Miscanthus sinensis |
Porcupine grass |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Narcissus spp. |
Daffodil |
Gastric/mouth, Dermatitis |
Alkaloids; Narcissine |
Forb |
Bulbs in particular; narcissus |
Narcissus spp. |
Narcissus |
Gastric/mouth, Dermatitis |
Alkaloids; Narcissine |
Forb |
Daffodils |
Nerium oleander |
Oleander |
Sudden Cardiac Death; Colic/Diarrhea |
Cardiac Glycosides |
Shrub |
Highly toxic |
Nicotiana glauca |
Tobacco |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Nicotiana glauca |
Wild tree tobacco |
Fetal Damage |
Teratogens |
Tree |
|
Onoclea sensibilis |
Sensitive fern |
Neurological; Ataxia |
Thiaminase |
Forb |
|
Opuntia spp. |
Prickly pear |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Shrub |
|
Ornithogalum umbellatum |
Star of Bethlehem |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Depression |
Saponin |
Forb |
Entire plant |
Oxalis & Rumes spp. |
Sorrel |
Kidney; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Oxalis spp |
Shamrock |
KIdney; Diarrhea/Colic |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Oxalis spp |
Soursob |
Kidney; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Oxytenia acerosa |
Copperweed |
GI Irritant; Weakness; Coma |
Possibly sesquiterpenes |
Shrub |
|
Oxytropis lambertii |
Purple locoweed |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Oxytropis sericea |
White locoweed |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Panicum coloratum |
Kleingrass |
Liver Disease; Hepatitis |
Mycotoxin |
Grass |
Wet/humid conditions; not in hay; dew poisoning |
Papaver spp. |
Poppies |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Pastinaca sativa |
Spotted cowbane |
Colic/Diarrhea; Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Wild parsnip |
Pastinaca sativa |
Wild parsnip |
Colic/Diarrhea; Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Spotted cowbane |
Penstemon calycosus |
Beardtongue |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Perilla frutescens |
Purple mint |
Respiratory |
Ketones |
Forb |
|
Persea americana |
Avocado |
Colic/Diarrhea; Mastitis; Cardiac; Death |
Persin |
Tree |
Guatemalan variety only; fruit/seeds/leaves |
Phalaris arundinacea |
Reed canarygrass |
Muscular Weakness; Collapse |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
|
Philodendron spp |
Philodendron |
Mouth, GI Tract, Respiratory, Death |
Oxalates |
Browse |
|
Phoradendron & Viscum spp. |
Mistletoe |
Colic, Diarrhea, Sudden Death |
Glycoproteins |
Shrub |
Several spp. |
Phytolacca americana |
Pokeweed |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Phytolaccatoxin |
Forb |
Entire plant toxic |
Pieris spp. |
Fetterbush |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Arbutin |
Shrub |
|
Pieris spp. |
Mountain fetterbush |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Acetylandromedol; Grayanotoxins |
Shrub |
Needles in particular |
Pinus ponderosa |
Ponderosa pine |
Abortive |
Isocuppressic acid |
Tree |
|
Podophyllum peltatum |
Mayapple |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory; Neuro |
Podophyllotoxin |
Forb |
|
Polygonum spp |
Smartweed |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates; Saponin |
Forb |
Entire plant |
Prosopis glandulosa |
Honey mesquite |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical |
Tree |
Fruits only; mesquite |
Prosopis glandulosa |
Mesquite |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical Impaction |
Tree |
Fruits only; honey mesquite |
Prunus pensylvanica |
Pincherry |
Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
Drought increases toxicity |
Prunus serotina |
Wild cherry |
Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
|
Prunus spp |
Western chokecherry |
Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
|
Prunus virginiana |
Chokecherry |
Sudden Death |
Cyanide/Glycosides |
Tree |
Drought & freeze increase toxicity |
Pteridium aquilinum |
Bracken fern |
Thiamin Deficiency; Ataxia |
Thiaminase; Filicin |
Browse |
Western brackenfern; all parts poisonous |
Pteridium aquilinum |
Western brackenfern |
Thiamin Deficiency |
Thiaminase; Filicin |
Browse |
Bracken fern; all parts poisonous |
Quercus breviloba |
Oak |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Tannic Acid/Gallotannins |
Tree |
Young leaves; bark; acorns; seasonal; picas |
Quercus gambelii |
Gambel's oak |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Tannic Acid; Gallotannins |
Tree |
Tannins in young leaves; bark; acorns |
Quercus havardii |
Shinnery oak |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Tannic Acid |
Tree |
Shin oak; tannins in young leaves; bark; acorns |
Ranunculus spp |
Anemone |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Glycosides; Protoanemonin |
Forb |
See buttercups; not toxic when dried |
Ranunculus spp |
Buttercup |
Mouth/GI Irritant/Colic |
Protoanemonin (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
All buttercups; loss of milk production |
Rheum rhaponticum |
Rhubarb |
Gastrointestinal; Cardiovascular |
Oxalates |
Forb |
Leaves |
Rhododendron spp. |
Azalea |
Colic/Diarrhea; Tremors |
Cyanide; Ursol Acid |
Shrub |
Also toxic when dried; rhododendrons |
Rhododendron spp. |
Rhododendron |
Colic/Diarrhea; Tremors; Respiratory |
Cyanide; Ursol Acid |
Shrub |
Also toxic when dried; azalea. |
Ricinus communis |
Castor bean |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia |
Ricin (Toxalbumin); Lectin |
Forb |
Seeds in particular; highly toxic; see rosary pea |
Robinia pseudoacacia |
Black locust |
Ataxia; Colic/Diarrhea; Paralysis |
Lectin |
Tree |
Bark is most toxic |
Rumex crispus |
Curly dock |
Kidney; Tremors; Coma; Death |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Salsola iberica |
Russian thistle |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Sambucus canadensis |
Elderberry |
Cardiac/Sudden Death; Ataxia |
Nitrates; Glycosides |
Tree |
See list for nitrate toxicosis; death within minutes |
Sanguinaria canadensis |
Bloodroot |
Gastric; Muscular; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Saponaria officinalis |
Bouncing Bet |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Depression |
Saponin |
Forb |
Soapwort |
Saponaria officinalis |
Soapwort |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Depression |
Saponin |
Forb |
Bouncing Bet |
Sarcobatus vermiculatus |
Greasewood |
Ca Deficiency; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Shrub |
|
Senecio douglasii |
Threadleaf groundsel |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness |
PA |
Shrub |
Woolly groundsel |
Senecio douglasii |
Woolly groundsel |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness; Chronic |
PA |
Shrub |
Threadleaf groundsel |
Senecio glabellus |
Butterweed |
Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Senecio integerrimus |
Lamb's tongue groundsel |
Hepatotoxic |
PA |
Forb |
|
Senecio jacobaea |
Tansy ragwort |
Hepatotoxic; Neurological |
PA |
Forb |
Maintains toxicity in hay; equines highly susceptible |
Senecio plattensis |
Groundsel |
Hepatotoxic; Teratogenic; Weakness |
PA; Teratogens |
Forb |
Ragwort. |
Senecio riddellii |
Riddell's ragwort |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness; Chronic |
PA |
Forb |
|
Senecio spartioides |
Broom groundsel |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Senecio vulgaris |
Common groundsel |
See List For PA |
PA/Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Setaria italica |
German millet |
Kidney; Joint; Bone |
|
Grass |
Crop/pasture grass |
Setaria pumila |
Yellow bristlegrass |
Mouth/GI; Foam/Drool |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Setaria spp |
Bristlegrass |
Physical; Mouth/GI; Foam/Drool |
Physical |
Grass |
Green bristlegrass; hooked bristlegrass |
Setaria spp |
Green bristlegrass |
Mouth/Throat/Gastric |
Physical |
Grass |
Bristlegrass; hooked bristlegrass |
Setaria spp |
Hooked bristlegrass |
Mouth/Throat/Gastric |
Physical |
Grass |
Green bristlegrass; bristlegrass |
Sideranthus grindelioides |
Ironweed |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Shrub |
|
Sinapis arvensis |
Wild mustard |
Salivation; Collapse; Death |
Glucosinolates |
Forb |
|
Sitanion hystrix |
Squirreltail |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
Elymus elymoides |
Solanum |
Cutleaf nightshade |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids/Glycosides |
Forb |
|
Solanum carolinense |
Bull nettle |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
|
Solanum carolinense |
Horse nettle |
Colic/Diarrhea; Paralysis; Death |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Nightshades |
Solanum dulcamara |
Bitter nightshade |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
European bittersweet; climbing nightshade |
Solanum dulcamara |
Climbing nightshade |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
European bittersweet; bitter nightshade |
Solanum dulcamara |
European bittersweet |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Bitter nightshade; climbing nightshade |
Solanum elaeagnifolium |
Silverleaf nightshade |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
|
Solanum nigrum |
Black nightshade |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; solanine |
Forb |
Deadly nightshade |
Solanum nigrum |
Deadly nightshade |
Colic/Diarrhea; Collapse |
Alkaloids/Solanine |
Forb |
Black nightshade; drought increases toxicity |
Solanum pseudocapsicum |
Jerusalem cherry |
Colic/Diarrhea; See Nitrate List |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Shrub |
|
Solanum rostratum |
Buffalo burr nightshade |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
Buffalobur |
Solanum rostratum |
Buffalobur |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
Buffalo burr nightshade |
Solanum sarrachoides |
Hairy nightshade |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Solanum tuberosum |
Potato |
Colic/Diarrhea; Weakness |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
|
Solidago spp |
Goldenrods |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Sorghum bicolor |
Sudan grass |
Death; Ataxia; Teratogenic; Paralysis |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Grass |
Drought & freeze increase toxicity |
Sorghum halepense |
Johnsongrass |
Ataxia; Cardiac |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Grass |
Within minutes |
Sorghum spp. |
Sorghum |
Cardiac; See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Cyanogenic Glycosides; Nitrates |
Grass |
20 spp.; when stressed/drought; sudan grass |
Stanleya pinnata |
Prince's plume |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
|
Stipa spp |
Needlegrass |
Mouth/Gastric System |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Symphytum officinale |
Comfrey |
Chronic Poisoning; Liver |
PA/Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Symplocarpus foetidus |
Skunk cabbage |
Cardiovascular; Shock |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Sysymbrium altissimum |
Tumble mustard |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Taentherum asperum |
Medusahead rye |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Taxus spp |
Yew |
Sudden Death; Neurological; Cardiac |
Taxin (Alkaloid); Cyanogens |
Shrub |
All parts except berries; single mouthful deadly; within
hours |
Tetradymia canescens |
Spineless horsebrush |
Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
|
Tetradymia glabrata |
Littleleaf horsebrush |
Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
|
Thevetia peruviana |
Yellow oleander |
Colic/Diarrhea; Sudden Death |
Glycosides |
Shrub |
Be-still; lucky nut tree |
Thevetia thevetiodes |
Lucky nut tree |
Colic/Diarrhea; Sudden Death |
Glycosides |
Tree |
Be-still; yellow oleander |
Thevetia thevetioides |
Be-still |
Colic/Diarrhea; Sudden Death |
Glycosides |
Tree |
Lucky nut tree; yellow oleander |
Thuja occidentalis |
Arborvitae |
Fetal Damage |
Thujone |
Tree |
Not common: toxic if consumed in quantity |
Toxicodendron radicans |
Poison ivy |
Gastrointestinal, Dermatitis |
Urushiol, Catechols |
Forb |
|
Tribulus terrestris |
Puncture vine |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Forb |
|
Trifolium hybridum |
Alsike clover |
Liver Disease; Hepatitis; Teratogenic |
Mycotoxin |
Forb |
When wet/humid |
Trifolium pratense |
Red clover |
Skin; Liver |
Mycotoxin |
Forb |
|
Trifolium spp |
Clovers |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic |
Slaframine |
Forb |
|
Triglochin maritimum |
Arrowgrass |
Nervous; Respiratory; Death |
Cyanide; Prussic Acid |
Grass |
Also toxic when dried in hay. |
Triglochin spp. |
Goose grass |
Ataxia; Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Grass |
Arrow/pod grasses; within minutes |
Trisetum flavescens |
Golden oatgrass |
Weakness; Weight loss; Calcinosis |
Unknown |
Grass |
|
Tulipia spp |
Tulip |
Dermatitis; Weakness; Respiratory |
Tuliposide |
Forb |
|
Urtica dioica |
Stinging nettle |
Mouth/GI; See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Physical; Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Veratrum californicum |
Corn lily |
Colic/Diarrhea; Teratogenic |
Steroid (Alkaloids) |
Forb |
Western false hellebore; false hellebore; chasing green |
Veratrum californicum |
False hellebore |
Colic/Diarrhea; Teratogenic |
Steroid (Alkaloids) |
Forb |
Western false hellebore; corn lily; chasing green |
Veratrum californicum |
Western false hellebore |
Fetal Damage |
Steroid (Alkaloids) |
Forb |
False hellebore; corn lily |
Veratrum eschscholtzii |
Green false hellebore |
Fetal Damage; Colic/Diarrhea |
Protoanemonin; Alkaloids |
Forb |
Cyclops foals |
Vicia sativa |
Common vetch |
Blindness; Convulsions |
Cyanide; Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Vinca rosea |
Periwinkle |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Shrub |
|
Xanthium spinosum |
Spiny cocklebur |
Mouth/GI, Hepatotoxic |
Glycosides; Physical |
Forb |
|
Xanthium spp. |
Cockle burrs |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Forb |
Cockleburs; 2 spp; seedlings/seeds toxic |
Xanthium spp. |
Cockleburs |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Forb |
Cockle burrs; 2 spp; seedlings/seeds toxic |
Xylorhiza glabriscula |
Woody aster |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
|
Zigadenus spp |
Deathcamas |
Neurotoxin; Colic; Death |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
15 spp deadly within days; 8-10 lbs |
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Area Affected |
Toxin (If Known) |
Type |
Comments; Regional Names |
Autumn crocus |
Colchicum autumnale |
Teratogenic; Fetal; Neurologic |
Teratogens |
Browse |
Meadow saffron |
Bracken fern |
Pteridium aquilinum |
Thiamin Deficiency; Ataxia |
Thiaminase; Filicin |
Browse |
Western brackenfern; all parts poisonous |
Clematis |
Clematis spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Neurotoxic |
Protoanemonin (Alkaloid) |
Browse |
All plant parts |
Climbing bittersweet |
Celastrus scandens |
Neurological; Gastric |
Solanine |
Browse |
Nightshades |
English ivy |
Hedera helix |
Gastric; Respiratory; Coma; Death |
Saponin |
Browse |
Entire plant |
Philodendron |
Philodendron spp |
Mouth, GI Tract, Respiratory, Death |
Oxalates |
Browse |
|
Rosary pea |
Abrus precatorius |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia |
Lectin |
Browse |
See castor bean |
Western brackenfern |
Pteridium aquilinum |
Thiamin Deficiency |
Thiaminase; Filicin |
Browse |
Bracken fern; all parts poisonous |
White bryony |
Bryonia cretica |
Sweating; Diuresis; Convulsions |
Lectine; Polyhydroxic Acids |
Browse |
Berries; sap; roots; worse when dried |
Wild pea |
Lathyrus latifolius |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Browse |
|
Aconite |
Aconitum columbianum |
Gastric; Colic |
Alkaloid Aconitine |
Forb |
Monkshood; not toxic when dried; used in homeopathy |
Alsike clover |
Trifolium hybridum |
Liver Disease; Hepatitis; Teratogenic |
Mycotoxin |
Forb |
When wet/humid |
Anemone |
Ranunculus spp |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Glycosides; Protoanemonin |
Forb |
See buttercups; not toxic when dried |
Bastard toadflax |
Comandra pallida |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Beardtongue |
Penstemon calycosus |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Birdsville indigo |
Indigofera linnaei |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic |
Indospicine |
Forb |
|
Bishop's weed |
Ammi majus |
Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Large bullwort |
Bitter nightshade |
Solanum dulcamara |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
European bittersweet; climbing nightshade |
Bitter sneezeweed |
Helenium hoopesii |
GI Irritant |
Sesquiterpene Lactone |
Forb |
Sneezeweed |
Bitterweed |
Hymenoxys odorata |
Mouth/GI Irritant |
Hymenoxen |
Forb |
|
Black henbane |
Hyoscyamus niger |
Convulsions; Coma; Death |
Glycoalkaloids |
Forb |
|
Black nightshade |
Solanum nigrum |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; solanine |
Forb |
Deadly nightshade |
Bleeding heart |
Dicentra spectabilis; formosa |
Convulsions; weakness; staggering |
Alkaloids; Isoquinoline |
Forb |
Dutchman's breeches |
Bloodroot |
Sanguinaria canadensis |
Gastric; Muscular; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Blue mustard |
Chorispora tenella |
Deformed Foals |
Glucosinolates |
Forb |
|
Bouncing Bet |
Saponaria officinalis |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Depression |
Saponin |
Forb |
Soapwort |
Broom groundsel |
Senecio spartioides |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Broomweed |
Gutierrezia microcephala |
Abortion; See List For Se Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Buckwheat |
Fagopyrum esculentum |
Photosensitization |
Fagopyrin |
Forb |
|
Buffalo burr nightshade |
Solanum rostratum |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
Buffalobur |
Buffalobur |
Solanum rostratum |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
Buffalo burr nightshade |
Bull nettle |
Solanum carolinense |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
|
Bull thistle |
Cirsium vulgare |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Burdock |
Arctium minus |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Forb |
|
Burr trefoil |
Medicago polymorpha |
Photosensitization From Liver Failure |
Mimosine |
Forb |
|
Burrow weed |
Haplopappus tenuisecta |
Neurological; Ataxia; Muscular |
Tremetol |
Forb |
Trembles |
Butter and eggs |
Linarea vulgaris |
Gastric System |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Yellow toadflax |
Buttercup |
Ranunculus spp |
Mouth/GI Irritant/Colic |
Protoanemonin (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
All buttercups; loss of milk production |
Butterweed |
Senecio glabellus |
Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Canada thistle |
Cirsium arvense |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Castor bean |
Ricinus communis |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia |
Ricin (Toxalbumin); Lectin |
Forb |
Seeds in particular; highly toxic; see rosary pea |
Cat's ears |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Possible stringhalt; Neurological |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Flatweed, false dandelion |
Climbing nightshade |
Solanum dulcamara |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
European bittersweet; bitter nightshade |
Clovers |
Trifolium spp |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic |
Slaframine |
Forb |
|
Cockle burrs |
Xanthium spp. |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Forb |
Cockleburs; 2 spp; seedlings/seeds toxic |
Cockleburs |
Xanthium spp. |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Forb |
Cockle burrs; 2 spp; seedlings/seeds toxic |
Coffee weed |
Cassia occidentalis |
Lameness; Muscle Weakness |
Anthraquinone |
Forb |
Sienna weed |
Cohosh |
Actaea rubra |
Respiratory; Cardiac |
Glycoside |
Forb |
Red baneberry |
Colorado rubberweed |
Hymenoxys richardsonii |
GI Irritant; Photosensitization |
Sesquiterpene |
Forb |
Rubberweed; pingue |
Comfrey |
Symphytum officinale |
Chronic Poisoning; Liver |
PA/Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Common groundsel |
Senecio vulgaris |
See List For PA |
PA/Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Common vetch |
Vicia sativa |
Blindness; Convulsions |
Cyanide; Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Corn cockle |
Agrostemma githago |
Muscles; ataxia |
Saponin |
Forb |
Seeds in particular |
Corn lily |
Veratrum californicum |
Colic/Diarrhea; Teratogenic |
Steroid (Alkaloids) |
Forb |
Western false hellebore; false hellebore; chasing green |
Creeping charlie |
Glechoma hederacea |
Respiratory; Sweating |
Glechomin |
Forb |
Ground ivy; all parts when fresh; not in stored hay |
Creeping/trailing indigo |
Indigofera spicata |
Teratogenic; Ataxia; Hepatotoxic |
Indospicine |
Forb |
Picas |
Crofton weed |
Ageratina adenophora |
Ataxia; Muscular |
Tremetol |
Forb |
Eupatorium adenophorum |
Crown vetch |
Coronella varia |
Weight loss; Abnormal behavior |
Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Curly dock |
Rumex crispus |
Kidney; Tremors; Coma; Death |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Curlycup gumweed |
Grindelia squarrosa |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
Resinweed; gumweed |
Cutleaf nightshade |
Solanum |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids/Glycosides |
Forb |
|
Daffodil |
Narcissus spp. |
Gastric/mouth, Dermatitis |
Alkaloids; Narcissine |
Forb |
Bulbs in particular; narcissus |
Deadly nightshade |
Solanum nigrum |
Colic/Diarrhea; Collapse |
Alkaloids/Solanine |
Forb |
Black nightshade; drought increases toxicity |
Deathcamas |
Zigadenus spp |
Neurotoxin; Colic; Death |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
15 spp deadly within days; 8-10 lbs |
Delphinium |
Delphinium spp |
Paralysis; Respiratory |
Aconitin (Alkaloid); Nitrates |
Forb |
Larkspur |
Dogbane |
Apocynum cannabinum |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Cardiac Glycosides |
Forb |
Hemp dogbane; Indian hemp; under 24 hours |
Dutchman's breeches |
Dicentra cucullaria |
Trembling; Diarrhea; Convulsions |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Squirrel corn; bleeding heart family |
Easter lily |
Lilium longiflorum |
Kidney; Gastric; Weakness |
Unidentified |
Forb |
|
European bittersweet |
Solanum dulcamara |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Bitter nightshade; climbing nightshade |
European hemlock |
Conium maculatum |
Death; Teratogenic |
Teratogens; Alkaloids |
Forb |
Spotted/poison hemlocks; 2-3 hours |
European milkvetch |
Astragalus spp |
Fetal Damage |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
False dandelion |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Lameness |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Cat's ears, flatweed |
False hellebore |
Veratrum californicum |
Colic/Diarrhea; Teratogenic |
Steroid (Alkaloids) |
Forb |
Western false hellebore; corn lily; chasing green |
Fiddleneck |
Amsinckia menziesii |
Hepatotoxic; Weight Loss |
PA; Nitrates |
Forb |
Tarweed; see list for nitrate toxicosis |
Field bindweed |
Convolvulus arvensis |
Colic/Diarrhea; Cardiac |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Forb |
Morning glory; see list for nitrate toxicosis |
Field mustard |
Brassica rapa |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Anorexia |
Glucosinolates |
Forb |
|
Fireweed |
Kochia scoparia |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic; Nitrate |
Oxalates; Nitrates |
Forb |
Kochia; summer cypress |
Flatweed |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Lameness |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Cat's ears, false dandelion |
Flixweed |
Descurainia sophia |
Deformed Foals |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Sophia, tansy mustard |
Foxglove |
Digitalis purpurea |
Cardiac; Gastric; Sudden Death |
Glycosides; saponins |
Forb |
Purple Foxglove; under 24 hours |
Freckled milkvetch |
Astragalus lentiginosus |
Neurological |
Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Fumewort |
Corydalis spp. |
Convulsions; Staggers; Collapse |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Several species are included. |
Goldenrods |
Solidago spp |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Green false hellebore |
Veratrum eschscholtzii |
Fetal Damage; Colic/Diarrhea |
Protoanemonin; Alkaloids |
Forb |
Cyclops foals |
Ground ivy |
Glechoma hederacea |
Respiratory; Sweating |
Glechomin |
Forb |
Creeping charlie; all parts when fresh; not in stored
hay |
Groundsel |
Senecio plattensis |
Hepatotoxic; Teratogenic; Weakness |
PA; Teratogens |
Forb |
Ragwort. |
Hairy nightshade |
Solanum sarrachoides |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Halogeton |
Halogeton glomeratus |
Kidney; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Heliotrope |
Heliotropium arborescens |
Weight Loss; hepatotoxic |
Pyrrolizidin |
Forb |
Seeds in particular |
Hemp |
Cannabis sativa |
Neurotoxin |
60 Compounds |
Forb |
Marijuana |
Hemp dogbane |
Apocynum cannabinum |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Cardiac/Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Forb |
Dogbane; Indian hemp; all parts toxic |
Hoary alyssum |
Berteroa incana |
GI; Founder; Laminitis; Edema |
Unknown |
Forb |
|
Horse nettle |
Solanum carolinense |
Colic/Diarrhea; Paralysis; Death |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Nightshades |
Horsetails |
Equisetum spp. |
Weakness; Stumbling; Arrhythmia |
Aconitic Acid |
Forb |
Snakegrass; scouring rush; all parts toxic; B1 may help |
Houndstongue |
Cynoglossum officinale |
Liver; Weight Loss |
Hepatotoxin/PA |
Forb |
All stages of plant; liver failure |
Hyacinth |
Hyacinthus orientalis |
Diarrhea; Colic |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Garden hyacinth; foliage may cause dermatitis |
Indian hemp |
Apocynum cannabinum |
Cardiac; Sudden Death; Colic |
Cardiac Glycosides |
Forb |
Dogbane; hemp dogbane; under 24 hours |
Indian paintbrush |
Castilleja linariaefolia |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Forb |
|
Jack-in-the-Pulpit |
Arisaema triphyllum |
Lips/Mouth/Tongue; Salivation |
Oxalates |
Forb |
Several spp. |
Jamestown weed |
Datura stramonium |
Cardiac; Coma; Death |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Stinkweed; mad apple; jimson weed; thornapple |
Jimson weed |
Datura stramonium |
Teratogenic; Neurological; See Nitrates |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Forb |
Stinkweed; mad apple; jamestown weed; thornapple |
Klamath weed |
Hypericum perforatum |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Naphthodianthron; Hypericin |
Forb |
St. Johnswort; goatweed? |
Kochia |
Kochia scoparia |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic; Nitrate |
Oxalates; Nitrates |
Forb |
Fireweed, summer cypress |
Lamb's tongue groundsel |
Senecio integerrimus |
Hepatotoxic |
PA |
Forb |
|
Lambsquarters |
Chenopodium album |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Large bullwort |
Ammi majus |
Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Bishop's weed |
Larkspur |
Delphinium spp |
Colic; Respiratory Paralysis; Death |
Aconitin; Esters; Nitrates |
Forb |
Delphinium; poison weed; 80 spp?; young plants
especially |
Leafy spurge |
Euphorbia esula |
Photosensitivity; Colic/Diarrhea |
Latex |
Forb |
Especially light-colored horses |
Lily of the valley |
Convallaria majalis |
Sudden Death; Cardiac; Gastric |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Under 24 hours |
Locoweed |
Astragalus; Oxytropis spp |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Forb |
Sandbur |
Lupine |
Lupinus spp |
Teratogenic; Fetal |
Alkaloids; Slaframine |
Forb |
Young & bolting more toxic |
Mad apple |
Datura stramonium |
Cardiac; Coma; Death |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Stinkweed; jimsonweed; Jamestown weed; thornapple |
Mallows |
Malvaceae spp |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
Several spp. |
Marestail |
Equisetum spp |
Neurological |
Thiaminase; Neurotoxin |
Forb |
|
Marijuana |
Cannabis sativa |
Neurotoxin |
60 Compounds; THC |
Forb |
Hemp |
Marsh marigold |
Caltha palustris |
GI Irritant; Colic/Diarrhea |
Protoanemonin |
Forb |
|
Mayapple |
Podophyllum peltatum |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory; Neuro |
Podophyllotoxin |
Forb |
|
Meadow saffron |
Colchicum autumnale |
Teratogenic; Fetal |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Autumn crocus |
Milkvetch |
Astragalus spp |
Teratogenic; ataxia; neuro; weakness |
Neurotoxin; Se |
Forb |
Hoof abnormalities; wasting disease; several spp. |
Milkweeds |
Asclepias spp |
Cardiac; Sudden Death; Colic |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Under 24 hours; several spp. |
Monkshood |
Aconitum columbianum |
See Nitrate List; Gastric; Neurological |
Nitrates; Alkaloids |
Forb |
Aconite |
Morning glory |
Convolvulus arvensis |
Colic/Diarrhea; Cardiac |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Forb |
Field bindweed |
Narcissus |
Narcissus spp. |
Gastric/mouth, Dermatitis |
Alkaloids; Narcissine |
Forb |
Daffodils |
Onion, domestic |
Allium spp |
Anemia; Weakness |
Alcylsulfides; Disulfides |
Forb |
In large quantities |
Pigweed |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
See Lists for Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates; Oxalates |
Forb |
Redroot pigweed; drought increases toxicity; oxalate
list? |
Pingue |
Hymenoxys richardsonii |
GI Irritant; Photosensitization |
Sesquiterpene |
Forb |
Colorado rubberweed; rubberweed; bitterweed |
Poison hemlock |
Conium maculatum |
Death; Teratogenic |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
All parts toxic; not in hay; chasing green in spring;
2-3 hours |
Poison ivy |
Toxicodendron radicans |
Gastrointestinal, Dermatitis |
Urushiol, Catechols |
Forb |
|
Pokeweed |
Phytolacca americana |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Phytolaccatoxin |
Forb |
Entire plant toxic |
Poppies |
Papaver spp. |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Potato |
Solanum tuberosum |
Colic/Diarrhea; Weakness |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
|
Puncture vine |
Tribulus terrestris |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Forb |
|
Purple foxglove |
Digitalis purpurea |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Forb |
Foxglove |
Purple locoweed |
Oxytropis lambertii |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Purple mint |
Perilla frutescens |
Respiratory |
Ketones |
Forb |
|
Ragweed |
Ambrosia artemesiafolia |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Red baneberry |
Actaea rubra |
Respiratory; Cardiac |
Glycoside |
Forb |
Cohosh |
Red clover |
Trifolium pratense |
Skin; Liver |
Mycotoxin |
Forb |
|
Redroot pigweed |
Amaranthus spp |
See Lists for Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates; Oxalates |
Forb |
Pigweed; drought increases toxicity; oxalate list? |
Rhubarb |
Rheum rhaponticum |
Gastrointestinal; Cardiovascular |
Oxalates |
Forb |
Leaves |
Richweed |
Ageratina altissima |
Muscular; Ataxia; Swallowing |
Tremetol |
Forb |
White snakeroot |
Riddell's ragwort |
Senecio riddellii |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness; Chronic |
PA |
Forb |
|
Rubberweed |
Hymenoxys richardsonii |
GI Irritant; Photosensitization |
Sesquiterpene |
Forb |
Colorado rubberweed; pingue |
Russian knapweed |
Acroptilon repens |
Chewing Disease |
Sesquiterpene; Another Unknown |
Forb |
Same toxin as starthistle; no cure/recovery |
Russian thistle |
Salsola iberica |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Sagebrush |
Artemesia spp |
Neurological |
Monoterpenes |
Forb |
|
Saltbush |
Atriplex spp |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Forb |
|
Sand sage |
Artemesia filifolia |
Neurological; Ataxia |
Volatile Oils |
Forb |
Sage sickness |
Sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Forb |
Longspine sandbur |
Scarlet pimpernel |
Anagallis arvensis |
Mouth; Staggering; Ataxia |
Terpenoid; Glycoside |
Forb |
|
Scouring rush |
Equisetum arvense |
Neurological; Ataxia; Blindness |
Alkaloids; Thiaminase |
Forb |
Horsetails; snakegrass; all parts toxic; B1 may help |
Sienna weed |
Cassia occidentalis |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia; Weakness |
Anthraquinone |
Forb |
Coffee weed |
Sensitive fern |
Onoclea sensibilis |
Neurological; Ataxia |
Thiaminase |
Forb |
|
Shamrock |
Oxalis spp |
KIdney; Diarrhea/Colic |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Shepherd's purse |
Capsella bursa-pastoris |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Deformed foals |
Silverleaf nightshade |
Solanum elaeagnifolium |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Alkaloids; Solanine |
Forb |
|
Skunk cabbage |
Symplocarpus foetidus |
Cardiovascular; Shock |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
|
Smartweed |
Polygonum spp |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates; Saponin |
Forb |
Entire plant |
Snakegrass |
Equisetum arvense; spp |
Ataxia; Neurological; Blindness |
Alkaloids; Thiaminase |
Forb |
Horsetails; scouring rush; all parts toxic; B1 may help |
Sneezeweed |
Helenium hoopesii |
GI Irritant |
Sesquiterpene Lactone |
Forb |
Bitter sneezeweed |
Snow on the mountain |
Euphorbia marginata |
Mouth/GI; Diarrhea |
Esters |
Forb |
|
Soapwort |
Saponaria officinalis |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Depression |
Saponin |
Forb |
Bouncing Bet |
Sophia |
Descurainia sophia |
Deformed Foals |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Flixweed, tansy mustard |
Sorrel |
Oxalis & Rumes spp. |
Kidney; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Soursob |
Oxalis spp |
Kidney; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Forb |
|
Spiny cocklebur |
Xanthium spinosum |
Mouth/GI, Hepatotoxic |
Glycosides; Physical |
Forb |
|
Spotted cowbane |
Pastinaca sativa |
Colic/Diarrhea; Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Wild parsnip |
Spotted locoweed |
Astragalus spp |
Teratogenic; Neurological; Death |
Swainsonine |
Forb |
|
Spring parsley |
Cymopterus watsonii |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Photodermatitis |
Squirrel corn |
Dicentra cucullaria |
Trembling; Diarrhea; Convulsions |
Alkaloids |
Forb |
Dutchman's breeches; bleeding heart family |
St. Johnswort |
Hypericum perforatum |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Naphthodianthron; Hypericin |
Forb |
Klamath weed; entire skin loss |
Star of Bethlehem |
Ornithogalum umbellatum |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Depression |
Saponin |
Forb |
Entire plant |
Stickseed |
Hackelia & Trichodesma spp. |
Weight Loss; Hepatotoxic; Chronic |
PA |
Forb |
|
Stinging nettle |
Urtica dioica |
Mouth/GI; See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Physical; Nitrates |
Forb |
|
Stinkweed |
Datura stramonium |
Teratogenic; Cardiac; Death |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Jimsonweed; mad apple; jamestown weed; thornapple |
Summer cypress |
Kochia scoparia |
Photosensitization; Hepatotoxic; Nitrate |
Oxalates; Nitrates |
Forb |
Fireweed; kochia |
Summer pheasant's eye |
Adonis aestivalis |
Cardiac; Colic |
Adonidine |
Forb |
|
Tansy mustard |
Descurainia sophia |
Deformed Foals |
Teratogens |
Forb |
Flixweed, sophia |
Tansy ragwort |
Senecio jacobaea |
Hepatotoxic; Neurological |
PA |
Forb |
Maintains toxicity in hay; equines highly susceptible |
Tarweed |
Amsinckia intermedia |
Hepatotoxic; Weight Loss |
PA |
Forb |
Fiddleneck |
Thornapple |
Datura stramonium |
Teratogenic |
Hyoscyamine (Alkaloid) |
Forb |
Jimson weed; Jamestown weed; stinkweed; mad apple |
Tobacco |
Nicotiana glauca |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Tomato |
Lycopersicon spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Weakness |
Hyoscine |
Forb |
|
Tulip |
Tulipia spp |
Dermatitis; Weakness; Respiratory |
Tuliposide |
Forb |
|
Tumble mustard |
Sysymbrium altissimum |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Forb |
|
Two-grooved milkvetch |
Astragalus bisculatus |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Forb |
Freeze |
Viper's bugloss |
Echium vulgare |
Liver Fibrosis/Failure |
PA |
Forb |
Seeds in particular |
Water hemlock |
Cicuta douglasii |
Tremors; Convulsions; Death |
Cicutoxin |
Forb |
Western water hemlock; single mouthful; death in minutes |
Western false hellebore |
Veratrum californicum |
Fetal Damage |
Steroid (Alkaloids) |
Forb |
False hellebore; corn lily |
Western water hemlock |
Cicuta douglasii |
Tremors; Convulsions/ Death |
Cicutoxin |
Forb |
Water hemlock; single mouthful; death in minutes |
White locoweed |
Oxytropis sericea |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
White prairie aster |
Aster falcatus |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Forb |
|
White snakeroot |
Ageratina altissima |
Muscular; Ataxia; Swallowing |
Tremetol |
Forb |
Richweed |
White sweet clover |
Melilotus alba |
Anemia; Hemorrhage; Weakness |
Prussic Acid; Dicoumarol |
Forb |
When spoiled; in haylage |
Wild blue flax |
Linum lewisii |
Ataxia; Cardiac |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Death may occur within minutes |
Wild iris |
Iris missouriensis |
GI Irritant; Diarrhea; Dermatitis |
Irisine |
Forb |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Wild mustard |
Sinapis arvensis |
Salivation; Collapse; Death |
Glucosinolates |
Forb |
|
Wild onion |
Allium spp |
Anemia; Weakness |
Alcylsulfides; Disulfides |
Forb |
|
Wild parsnip |
Pastinaca sativa |
Colic/Diarrhea; Photodermatitis |
Coumarin |
Forb |
Spotted cowbane |
Woolly locoweed |
Astragalus mollismus |
Neurological; Teratogen; Wasting |
Alkaloids; Swainsonine |
Forb |
Early spring emergence; addictive; equines susceptible |
Yellow starthistle |
Centaurea solstitialis |
Chewing Disease |
Alkaloids; Sesquiterpenes |
Forb |
Russian knapweed; no recovery; addictive |
Yellow sweet clover |
Melilotus officinalis |
Anemia; Hemorrhage; Weakness |
Dicoumarol |
Forb |
Only when spoiled and in haylage |
Yellow toadflax |
Linarea vulgaris |
Gastric System |
Glycosides |
Forb |
Butter and eggs |
Arrowgrass |
Triglochin maritimum |
Nervous; Respiratory; Death |
Cyanide; Prussic Acid |
Grass |
Also toxic when dried in hay. |
Bermuda grass |
Cynodon dactylon |
Gastric System |
May have ergot |
Grass |
|
Bristlegrass |
Setaria spp |
Physical; Mouth/GI; Foam/Drool |
Physical |
Grass |
Green bristlegrass; hooked bristlegrass |
Cheatgrass |
Bromus tectorum |
Mouth/Digestive Tract |
Physical |
Grass |
Downy brome |
Downy brome |
Bromus tectorum |
Mouth/Digestive Tract |
Physical |
Grass |
Cheatgrass |
Foxtail barley |
Hordeum jubatum |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
German millet |
Setaria italica |
Kidney; Joint; Bone |
|
Grass |
Crop/pasture grass |
Golden oatgrass |
Trisetum flavescens |
Weakness; Weight loss; Calcinosis |
Unknown |
Grass |
|
Goose grass |
Triglochin spp. |
Ataxia; Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Grass |
Arrow/pod grasses; within minutes |
Goosegrass |
Eleusine indica |
Gastric Distress |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
Wiregrass |
Green bristlegrass |
Setaria spp |
Mouth/Throat/Gastric |
Physical |
Grass |
Bristlegrass; hooked bristlegrass |
Hooked bristlegrass |
Setaria spp |
Mouth/Throat/Gastric |
Physical |
Grass |
Green bristlegrass; bristlegrass |
Johnsongrass |
Sorghum halepense |
Ataxia; Cardiac |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Grass |
Within minutes |
Kleingrass |
Panicum coloratum |
Liver Disease; Hepatitis |
Mycotoxin |
Grass |
Wet/humid conditions; not in hay; dew poisoning |
Medusahead rye |
Taentherum asperum |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Needlegrass |
Stipa spp |
Mouth/Gastric System |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Perennial ryegrass |
Lolium perenne |
Skin; Photosensitize |
Photosensitizing Agent |
Grass |
|
Porcupine grass |
Miscanthus sinensis |
Mouth/GI tract |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Prairie three-awn |
Aristida oligantha |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Reed canarygrass |
Phalaris arundinacea |
Muscular Weakness; Collapse |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
|
Sorghum |
Sorghum spp. |
Cardiac; See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Cyanogenic Glycosides; Nitrates |
Grass |
20 spp.; when stressed/drought; sudan grass |
Squirreltail |
Sitanion hystrix |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
Elymus elymoides |
Staggergrass |
Amanthium muscaetoxicum |
Respiratory; Weakness; Death |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
|
Sudan grass |
Sorghum bicolor |
Death; Ataxia; Teratogenic; Paralysis |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Grass |
Drought & freeze increase toxicity |
Tall fescue |
Festuca arundinacea |
Abortion; Malformed Fetus |
Endophytic Fungus; Alkaloids |
Grass |
|
Tanglehead |
Heteropogon contortus |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Three-awn grasses |
Aristida spp. |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Wild oat grass |
Avena fatua |
See List For Nitrate Toxicosis |
Nitrates |
Grass |
Wild oats |
Wiregrass |
Eleusine indica |
Gastric Distress |
Alkaloids |
Grass |
Goosegrass |
Yellow bristlegrass |
Setaria pumila |
Mouth/GI; Foam/Drool |
Physical |
Grass |
|
Azalea |
Rhododendron spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Tremors |
Cyanide; Ursol Acid |
Shrub |
Also toxic when dried; rhododendrons |
Bladderpod |
Lesquerella gordonii |
Diarrhea; Weakness; Death |
Saponins |
Shrub |
|
Boxwood |
Buxus spp. |
Neurologic; Colic; Respiratory |
Cyclobuxin (Alkaloid) |
Shrub |
All plant parts toxic |
Broom snakeweed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
Se List; Abort/Repro |
Se Accumulator; Terpenes |
Shrub |
Turpentine weed; snakeweed; matchweed |
Budsage |
Artemesia spinescens |
Neurological |
Possibly monoterpenes |
Shrub |
|
Button bush |
Cephalanthus occidentalis |
Gastrointestinal |
Glycosides |
Shrub |
|
Carolina jessamine |
Gelsemium sempervirens |
Gastric; Weakness; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Evening trumpetflower, false jessamine |
Christplant |
Euphorbia milii |
Skin Irritations; Mouth/GI |
Latex |
Shrub |
Crown of thorns |
Copperweed |
Oxytenia acerosa |
GI Irritant; Weakness; Coma |
Possibly sesquiterpenes |
Shrub |
|
Crown of thorns |
Euphorbia milii |
Skin Irritations; Mouth/GI |
Latex |
Shrub |
Christplant |
Evening trumpetflower |
Gelsemium sempervirens |
Gastric; Weakness; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Carolina jessamine, false jessamine |
Fetterbush |
Pieris spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Arbutin |
Shrub |
|
Fringed sage |
Artemisia frigida |
Neurological |
Neurotoxin |
Shrub |
Prairie sagewort |
Golden weed |
Haplopappus engelmannii |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
|
Greasewood |
Sarcobatus vermiculatus |
Ca Deficiency; Colic/Diarrhea |
Oxalates |
Shrub |
|
Gumweed |
Grindelia squarrosa |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Shrub |
Curlycup gumweed; resinweed |
Honeysuckle |
Ionicera periclymenum |
Diarrhea; Lethargy |
|
Shrub |
Plants and berries |
Hydrangea |
Hydrangea spp. |
Gastric/Diarrhea; Respiratory |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Shrub |
Several spp; entire plant toxic |
Ironweed |
Sideranthus grindelioides |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Shrub |
|
Japanese yew |
Taxus cuspidata |
Cardiac; Sudden Death |
Taxine (Alkaloid) |
Shrub |
All parts except berries; death within hours |
Jerusalem cherry |
Solanum pseudocapsicum |
Colic/Diarrhea; See Nitrate List |
Alkaloids; Nitrates |
Shrub |
|
Jessamine, false |
Gelsemium sempervirens |
Gastric; Weakness; Respiratory |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
|
Jimmy weed |
Haplopappus heterophyllus |
Neurological; Muscle; Ataxia |
Tremetol |
Shrub |
Southern goldenbush; trembles |
Lantana |
Lantana camara |
Liver damage; depression; neurological |
Lantadene |
Shrub |
Several spp.; entire plant |
Laurel |
Kalmia spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Depression; Ataxia |
Alkaloids; Arbutin |
Shrub |
Several spp.; leaves especially toxic |
Littleleaf horsebrush |
Tetradymia glabrata |
Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
|
Maleberry |
Lyonia ligustrina |
Colic/Diarrhea; Ataxia; Depression |
Arbutin |
Shrub |
|
Matchweed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Se Accumulator |
Shrub |
Broomweed; turpentine weed; snakeweed; broom snakeweed |
Mistletoe |
Phoradendron & Viscum spp. |
Colic, Diarrhea, Sudden Death |
Glycoproteins |
Shrub |
Several spp. |
Mountain laurel |
Kalmia latifolia |
Colic/Diarrhea; Cardiac |
Andromedotoxin |
Shrub |
|
Mountain fetterbush |
Pieris spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Acetylandromedol; Grayanotoxins |
Shrub |
Needles in particular |
Oleander |
Nerium oleander |
Sudden Cardiac Death; Colic/Diarrhea |
Cardiac Glycosides |
Shrub |
Highly toxic |
Periwinkle |
Vinca rosea |
Teratogenic |
Teratogens |
Shrub |
|
Poinsettia |
Euphorbia pulcherrima |
Gastric; Dermatitis; See Nitrate List |
Latex, Euphorbin, Nitrates |
Shrub |
|
Prairie sagewort |
Artemisia frigida |
Neurological |
Neurotoxin |
Shrub |
Fringed sage |
Prickly pear |
Opuntia spp. |
Mouth/GI |
Physical |
Shrub |
|
Prince's plume |
Stanleya pinnata |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
|
Privets |
Ligustrum vulgare |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Glycosides; Iridoid |
Shrub |
Entire plant |
Rattlebox |
Crotalaria spp |
Weight loss; hepatotoxic; chronic |
PA |
Shrub |
Rattlepod |
Rattlepod |
Crotalaria spp |
Weight loss; hepatotoxic; chronic |
PA |
Shrub |
Rattlebox |
Resinweed |
Grindelia squarrosa |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
Curlycup gumweed |
Rhododendron |
Rhododendron spp. |
Colic/Diarrhea; Tremors; Respiratory |
Cyanide; Ursol Acid |
Shrub |
Also toxic when dried; azalea. |
Scotchbroom |
Cytisus scoparius |
Gastrointestinal; Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Entire plant |
Snakeweed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
Turpentine weed; broom snakeweed; matchweed |
Southern goldenbush |
Haplopappus heterophyllus |
Neurological; Muscle; Ataxia |
Tremetol |
Shrub |
Jimmy weed; trembles |
Spineless horsebrush |
Tetradymia canescens |
Hepatotoxic |
Alkaloids |
Shrub |
|
Sweet bubby |
Calycanthus floridus |
Tetany; Convulsions; Neurological |
Calycanthin; Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Sweet shrub |
Sweetshrub |
Calycanthus floridus |
Tetany; Convulsions; Neurological |
Calycanthin; Alkaloids |
Shrub |
Sweet bubby |
Tall big sagebrush |
Artemisia tridentata |
Neurologic |
Volatile Oils |
Shrub |
|
Threadleaf groundsel |
Senecio douglasii |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness |
PA |
Shrub |
Woolly groundsel |
Turpentine weed |
Gutierrezia sarothrae |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
Broom snakeweed; snakeweed; matchweed |
Woody aster |
Xylorhiza glabriscula |
See List For Selenium Toxicosis |
Selenium |
Shrub |
|
Woolly groundsel |
Senecio douglasii |
Hepatotoxic; Weakness; Chronic |
PA |
Shrub |
Threadleaf groundsel |
Yellow oleander |
Thevetia peruviana |
Colic/Diarrhea; Sudden Death |
Glycosides |
Shrub |
Be-still; lucky nut tree |
Yew |
Taxus spp |
Sudden Death; Neurological; Cardiac |
Taxin (Alkaloid); Cyanogens |
Shrub |
All parts except berries; single mouthful deadly; within
hours |
Acacia |
Acacia & Robinia spp. |
Gastric & Nervous Systems |
Glycosides; Phytotoxin |
Tree |
False acacia; black locust |
Akee |
Blighia sapida |
Teratogenic; Fetal |
Teratogens |
Tree |
|
American coffee berry |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric; Diarrhea; Death |
Alkaloid Cytisine |
Tree |
Kentucky mahogany/coffee tree; nicker tree; stump tree |
Arborvitae |
Thuja occidentalis |
Fetal Damage |
Thujone |
Tree |
Not common: toxic if consumed in quantity |
Avocado |
Persea americana |
Colic/Diarrhea; Mastitis; Cardiac; Death |
Persin |
Tree |
Guatemalan variety only; fruit/seeds/leaves |
Be-still |
Thevetia thevetioides |
Colic/Diarrhea; Sudden Death |
Glycosides |
Tree |
Lucky nut tree; yellow oleander |
Black locust |
Robinia pseudoacacia |
Ataxia; Colic/Diarrhea; Paralysis |
Lectin |
Tree |
Bark is most toxic |
Black walnut |
Juglans nigra |
Weakness; Laminitis; Dermatitis |
Unknown |
Tree |
|
Buckeye |
Aesculus hippocastanum |
Neurologic; Weakness; Trembling |
Saponin |
Tree |
All parts toxic; horse chestnut |
California buckeye |
Aesculus californica |
GI Irritant |
Saponin; Aesculen |
Tree |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Chinaberry |
Melia azedarach |
Gastric; Cardiac; Diarrhea |
Terpenes; unidentified |
Tree |
|
Chokecherry |
Prunus virginiana |
Sudden Death |
Cyanide/Glycosides |
Tree |
Drought & freeze increase toxicity |
Cockspur |
Crataegus crus-galli |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Physical impaction |
Tree |
Hawthorn; cockspur hawthorn; fruits toxic |
Elderberry |
Sambucus canadensis |
Cardiac/Sudden Death; Ataxia |
Nitrates; Glycosides |
Tree |
See list for nitrate toxicosis; death within minutes |
Gambel's oak |
Quercus gambelii |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Tannic Acid; Gallotannins |
Tree |
Tannins in young leaves; bark; acorns |
Golden chain tree |
Laburnum anagryroides |
GI; Neuromuscular |
Alkaloids; Cytisine |
Tree |
Entire plant; seeds in particular |
Hard maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Hawthorn |
Crataegus crusgalli |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical |
Tree |
Cockspur; fruits |
Honey mesquite |
Prosopis glandulosa |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical |
Tree |
Fruits only; mesquite |
Horse chestnut |
Aesculus hippocastanum |
Muscles; Ataxia |
Saponin; Aesculen |
Tree |
All parts toxic; buckeye |
Jessamine, day blooming |
Cestrum diurnum |
Calcinosis; Lameness/Weakness |
Hyoscine |
Tree |
Wild jasmine |
Jessamine, night blooming |
Cestrum nocturnum |
Lameness/Muscle Weakness |
Atropine-like Alkaloids |
Tree |
|
Kentucky coffee tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky mahogany, nicker, stump, American coffee tree |
Kentucky mahogany tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky/American coffee tree; nicker tree; stump tree |
Lucky nut tree |
Thevetia thevetiodes |
Colic/Diarrhea; Sudden Death |
Glycosides |
Tree |
Be-still; yellow oleander |
Mesquite |
Prosopis glandulosa |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical Impaction |
Tree |
Fruits only; honey mesquite |
Mountain mahogany |
Cercocarpus spp. |
Cardiac |
Cyanide |
Tree |
|
Nicker tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky coffee/mahogany, American coffee, stump trees |
Oak |
Quercus breviloba |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Tannic Acid/Gallotannins |
Tree |
Young leaves; bark; acorns; seasonal; picas |
Ohio buckeye |
Aesculus glabra |
GI Irritant, Hemolysis |
Aesculin |
Tree |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Persimmon |
Diospyros virginiana |
Colic/Diarrhea; Impaction |
Physical |
Tree |
Fruits only |
Pincherry |
Prunus pensylvanica |
Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
Drought increases toxicity |
Ponderosa pine |
Pinus ponderosa |
Abortive |
Isocuppressic acid |
Tree |
|
Red buckeye |
Aesculus pavia |
GI Irritant; Muscle Weakness; Coma |
Glycosides |
Tree |
New growth; leaves; nuts |
Red maple |
Acer rubrum |
Anemia; Arrythmia; Weakness |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Red X silver hybrids may be toxic; small amounts; dried
only |
Rock maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Service berry |
Amelanchier alnifolia |
Death; Ataxia; Heart |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
Death within minutes is possible |
Shinnery oak |
Quercus havardii |
Colic/Diarrhea |
Tannic Acid |
Tree |
Shin oak; tannins in young leaves; bark; acorns |
Silver maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Soft maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Stump tree |
Gymnocladius dioica |
Gastric/Diarrhea, Respiratory |
Cytosine |
Tree |
Kentucky mahogany/coffee, American coffee, nicker trees |
Sugar maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
Possibly toxic, as with other maple spp. |
Western chokecherry |
Prunus spp |
Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
|
White maple |
Acer spp. |
Possibly Anemia |
Unknown Oxidant |
Tree |
|
Wild cherry |
Prunus serotina |
Sudden Death |
Cyanogenic Glycosides |
Tree |
|
Wild jasmine |
Cestrum diurnum |
Calcinosis; Lameness/Weakness |
Hyoscine |
Tree |
Jessamines |
Wild tree tobacco |
Nicotiana glauca |
Fetal Damage |
Teratogens |
Tree |
|
Yellow buckeye |
Aesculus octandra |
GI Irritant; Hemolysis |
Aesculin |
Tree |
|