Exam 3

Exam No. 3

Examples of questions asked in previous exams.

WLF 448
FALL 1996
EXAM NO. 3
(100 points total)

Matching: Place the letter of the item in the right-hand column beside the most closely related item in the left-hand column. (2 points each, 20 points total)

1. ln(2) _______ ..........................................A. Multiple mark-recapture
r
2. Nt+1 = M x Nt _______ ..........................B. Line transect
3. Maximum Sustained Yield _______ ..........C. Time series
4. 1xmx _______ .........................................D. Doubling time
5. nimi _______ ...........................................E. Net reproductive rate
( mi)+1
......................................................................F. Ricker
6. Fourier model _______
......................................................................G. Probability of extinction = 1.0
7. µ < 0 _______
.......................................................................H. Leslie
8. R-xlx _______
.....R-ili ............................................................I. Functional response
9. R = Pea(1-P/Pr) _______........................... J. Stable age distribution
10. Xt _______ ..............................................K. Stochastic population growth

........................................................................L. Closed population
.......................................................................M. Logistic growth

True-False: Write T (true) or F (false) in front of each question. If the statement is not completely true, then it is false. For each statement that is false, change it to make it true.
(16 points)
1. _______ When the instantaneous rate of increase is less than 1.0 a population will decrease in size.
2. _______ Predators which are specialists are typically animals with short handling times.
3. _______ Few fish and wildlife populations have overlapping generations with pulse breeding.
4. _______ In a stochastic growth model 2 is used to predict median population size at some future time.
5. _______ Heller concluded that intraspecific competition played a role in the altitudinal zonation of chipmunks in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
6. _______ According to Begon et al the pattern of survival of young trout fry is an example of overcompensating density dependence.
7. _______ r and dN/dt will be increasing in an unlimited environment.
8. _______ Tilman's resource competition theory predicts that richer habitats will have more diverse communities.

Multiple Choice: Circle the correct answer. (2 points each, 14 points total)
1. A biologist in New Mexico is considering a reintroduction of scaled quail into a county where it once existed. Gambel's quail currently offer good hunting opportunities and some biologists are concerned that the scaled quail introduction will result in a reduction of Gambel's quail due to competition. Which of the following would you consider good evidence that the two species compete in this area?

a. both species feed mainly on seeds of desert annuals during winter
b. both species require free water during summer
c. in field tests brood size of Gambel's quail is lower in areas where scaled quail exist
d. all of the above
e. a and c

2. Answer the following questions on the population growth model.

dN1 = r1N1 (K1-N1- 21N2)
dt .........................K1

2a. This model assumes that

a. N1 is the predator; N2 the prey
b. N1 and N2 coexist
c. N1 and N2 are competitors
d. b and c
e. none of the above

2b. The model assumes that

a. the previous levels of populations influence the rate of growth.
b. the population grows in a limited environment.
c. N2 influences the carrying capacity of N1.
d. none of the above.
e. b and c above

3. When lags are used in population growth models

a. the population grows faster
b. the carrying capacity fluctuates
c. an increase in lag time causes increased fluctuations
d. none of the above

4. Logistic growth assumes that:

a. there are no time lags in the changes in birth and death rates as density increases
b. the population does not affect the carrying capacity
c. growth is continuous with overlapping generations
d. all of the above
e. a and b above

5. Which of the following are advantages of the Leslie matrix? (Circle one)

a. Survival rates and fecundity rates.
b. It is realistic because growth is in a limited environment.
c. It requires a stable age distribution.
d. It allows us to predict the number of individuals in each age class in the future.
e. a and d.

6. For the Stochastic Growth model, which equation will give the best estimate of future population size?

a. = Noeµt
b. = Noe(µ- )t
c. = Noert
d. = No t

7. Which of the following are advantages of the Leslie matrix?

a. Survival rates and fecundity rates.
b. It is realistic because growth is in a limited environment.
c. It requires a stable age distribution.
d. It allows us to predict the number of individuals in each age class in the future.
e. a and d.

Short Answer: Answer the questions succinctly in the space provided.

1. What would be the outcome of competition between bull trout and brown trout in the habitats with supply points labeled a-e in this diagram? (10 points)

Proportion
Mayfly
Larvae in
Insect Foods

Proportion Stonefly Larvae in Foods
Outcome
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

2. For the following phase plane diagrams, describe the final result(s) of competition between species 1 and 2. (6 points)

3. What would you predict would be the pattern of population dynamics for each of the following sets of predator-prey pairs? (10 points)

Prey Growth Rate Self-limiting Predator Growth Rate Outcome
Sparrow high strongly kestrel low

Muskrat high strongly mink low

Snowshoe medium weakly lynx medium
hare

Mule Deer low weakly cougar high

Moose low weakly wolf high

4. In the 1970's a study by Idaho Fish & Game Dept. showed that black bears were preying on large numbers of elk calves on Coolwater Ridge of the Lochsa River drainage. Biologists felt that this reduced the elk population and kept it to a small size. In other areas of Idaho few calves were eaten by black bears and they were not a major source of mortality. Could Tanner's model of predator-prey relationships describe both of these situations? How? (12 points)

5. Why don't the distributions overlap for the 4 species of chipmunks that Heller studied? Describe their patterns of elevational distribution, habitat, physiological tolerance, and interactions. Why don't they overlap? (12 points)