In Module 3.2 you read that the term planning refers to the process of
defining the organization’s objectives or goals, establishing an overall
strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive
hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. It is
concerned, then, with ends (what is to be done) as well as means (how it
is to be done).
Consider the following revision: Planning refers to
the process of deciding the organization’s objectives or goals,
deciding
upon an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and deciding upon a
comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
It is concerned, then, with deciding the ends (what is to be done) as
well as deciding upon the means (how it is to be done). Thus, if we
accept this revision, we can conclude that planning requires a
significant amount of decision making. Further, it is clear that once
plans are developed the day-to-day process of implementing strategic,
tactical, and operational plans requires a significant amount of
decision making.
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